\n
![\"UML](\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a195e127973c.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u5757\uff08\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u56fe\u4f8b\uff09<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u786e\u7acb UML \u56fe\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n
1. \u7c7b\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c1\u6027<\/h3>\n
\u7c7b\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u77e9\u5f62\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u9876\u90e8\uff1a<\/strong> \u7c7b\u540d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
FlightBooking<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u4e2d\u90e8\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c5e\u6027\/\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
+ nameProperty: String<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u5e95\u90e8\uff1a<\/strong> \u65b9\u6cd5\/\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
+ isActive(): boolean<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
+<\/code>\u00a0\u516c\u5171\uff08Public\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u53ef\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
-<\/code>\u00a0\u79c1\u6709\uff08Private\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u4ec5\u53ef\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
#<\/code>\u00a0\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u7c7b\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
~<\/code>\u00a0\u5305\uff1a<\/strong>\u4ec5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5305\u5185\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2. \u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n
- \n
- \n
\u63a5\u53e3\uff08
<<interface>><\/code>):<\/strong>\u5b9a\u4e49\u65e0\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u3002\u4ee5\u7eff\u8272\u65b9\u6846\uff08\u5728\u672c\u901f\u67e5\u8868\u4e2d\uff09\u6216\u6807\u51c6\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n- \n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/em>\u00a0
UserRepo<\/code>\u5305\u542b+ method(): void<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\uff08
<<abstract>><\/code>):<\/strong>\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n- \n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/em>\u00a0
Component<\/code>\u5305\u542b+ render(): void \/\/ \u62bd\u8c61<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u679a\u4e3e\uff1a<\/strong>\u4e00\u7ec4\u547d\u540d\u5e38\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/em>\u00a0
JobStatus<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u8ba2\u5355\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u56fe\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a195f79a1fa7.png\")
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
@startuml
\nskinparam classAttributeIconSize 0
\nskinparam shadowing false<\/p>\n\u2018 \u2014 \u63a5\u53e3 \u2014’
\ninterface PaymentGateway {
\n+ process(amount: double): boolean
\n}<\/p>\n\u2018 \u2014 \u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b \u2014’
\nabstract class Order {
\n# orderId: String
\n# totalAmount: double
\n+ {abstract} calculateTax(): double
\n+ getSummary(): String
\n}<\/p>\n\u2018 \u2014 \u7c7b \u2014’
\nclass PhysicalOrder {
\n\u2013 shippingWeight: double
\n+ calculateTax(): double
\n}<\/p>\nclass DigitalOrder {
\n\u2013 downloadLink: String
\n+ calculateTax(): double
\n}<\/p>\nclass OrderItem {
\n\u2013 productName: String
\n\u2013 price: double
\n\u2013 quantity: int
\n}<\/p>\nclass PayPalGateway {
\n+ process(amount: double): boolean
\n}<\/p>\n\u2018 \u2014 \u5173\u7cfb \u2014’
\nOrder <|\u2013 PhysicalOrder
\nOrder <|\u2013 DigitalOrder<\/p>\nOrder *\u2013 \u201c1..*\u201d OrderItem : contains
\nOrder ..> PaymentGateway : uses<\/p>\nPaymentGateway <|.. PayPalGateway<\/p>\n
@enduml<\/p>\n
\n\u7b2c 2 \u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u591a\u91cd\u6027<\/h2>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u7c7b\u7684\u7ebf\u6761\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
1. \u5173\u8054\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n
- \n
- \n
\u7ee7\u627f\uff08\u6cdb\u5316\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u5e26\u6709\u7a7a\u5fc3\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u5b9e\u7ebf\u3002\u201c\u662f-a”\u5173\u7cfb\u3002”<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/em>\u00a0
\u6c7d\u8f66<\/code>\u548c\u6469\u6258\u8f66<\/code>\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u8f66\u8f86<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/strong>\u5e26\u6709\u7a7a\u5fc3\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u865a\u7ebf\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a5\u53e3\u5951\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/em>\u00a0
\u6c7d\u8f66<\/code>\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u9a7e\u9a76<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u7ec4\u5408\uff08\u5f3a\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u5e26\u6709\u5b9e\u5fc3\u83f1\u5f62\u7684\u5b9e\u7ebf<\/strong>. \u201c\u90e8\u5206\u201d\u4e0d\u80fd\u8131\u79bb\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u201d\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/em>\u00a0
\u9910\u5385<\/code>\uff08\u6574\u4f53\uff09\u62e5\u6709\u83dc\u5355<\/code>\uff08\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9910\u5385\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u83dc\u5355\u4e5f\u5c06\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u805a\u5408\uff1a<\/strong>\u5b9e\u7ebf\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5fc3\u83f1\u5f62<\/strong>. \u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u62e5\u6709\u201d\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/em>\u00a0
\u8ba2\u5355<\/code>\u805a\u5408\u9910\u5385<\/code>\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u8ba2\u5355\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u9910\u5385\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2. \u591a\u91cd\u6027\u56fe\u4f8b<\/h3>\n
\u7ebf\u6761\u672b\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u57fa\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
1<\/code>: \u6070\u597d\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
0..1<\/code>: \u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\uff08\u53ef\u9009\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
1..*<\/code>: \u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff08\u5fc5\u9700\u5217\u8868\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
*<\/code>: \u591a\u4e2a\uff08\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\u548c\u805a\u5408\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a19600180d6b.png\")
<\/p>\n\n@startuml<\/div>\n\u201c\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0e\u57fa\u7c7b\u201d<\/div>\ninterface Drivable {<\/div>\n+ drive()<\/div>\n}<\/div>\n\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b Vehicle {<\/div>\n+ startEngine()<\/div>\n}<\/div>\n\u2018 \u7c7b<\/div>\nclass Car {<\/div>\n}<\/div>\nclass Motorcycle {<\/div>\n}<\/div>\nclass Restaurant {<\/div>\n\u2013 name: String<\/div>\n}<\/div>\nclass Menu {<\/div>\n}<\/div>\nclass Order {<\/div>\n}<\/div>\n\u2018 \u5173\u7cfb<\/div>\n\u2018 1. \u7ee7\u627f\uff08\u6cdb\u5316\uff09<\/div>\nVehicle <|\u2013 Car<\/div>\nVehicle <|\u2013 Motorcycle<\/div>\n\u2018 2. \u5b9e\u73b0<\/div>\nDrivable <|.. Car<\/div>\n\u2018 3. \u7ec4\u5408\uff08\u5f3a\u62e5\u6709\uff09<\/div>\nRestaurant *\u2013 Menu : owns<\/div>\n\u2018 4. \u805a\u5408<\/div>\nOrder o\u2013 Restaurant : involves<\/div>\n\u2018 \u591a\u91cd\u6027\u793a\u4f8b<\/div>\n\u2018 \u9910\u5385\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u83dc\u5355 (1..*)<\/div>\n\u2018 \u8ba2\u5355\u6d89\u53ca\u96f6\u4e2a\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u9910\u5385 (0..1)<\/div>\nRestaurant\u201c1\u201d *\u2013 \u201c1..*\u201d Menu<\/div>\n\u8ba2\u5355\u201c1\u201do\u2013\u201c0..1\u201d\u9910\u5385<\/div>\n@enduml<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n\u7b2c 3 \u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u7edf\u4e00\u98df\u54c1\u914d\u9001\u5e73\u53f0<\/h2>\n
\u672c\u8282\u5206\u6790\u901f\u67e5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u62c6\u89e3\u98df\u54c1\u914d\u9001\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n
1. \u7528\u6237\u5c42\u7ea7\uff08\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u7ec4\u5408\uff09<\/h3>\n
\u7cfb\u7edf\u59cb\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/strong>\u7c7b\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u62bd\u8c61<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u901a\u7528\u7684\u201c\u7528\u6237\u201d\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ec5\u521b\u5efa\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u7ee7\u627f\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0
\u987e\u5ba2<\/code>\u548c\u914d\u9001\u5458<\/code>\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u7528\u6237<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u987e\u5ba2<\/code>\u62e5\u6709\u6536\u8d27\u5730\u5740<\/code>\uff08\u5f3a\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u914d\u9001\u5458<\/code>\u62e5\u6709\u8f66\u8f86\u8be6\u60c5<\/code>\uff08\u5f3a\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2. \u9910\u5385\u4e0e\u83dc\u5355\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n
\u672c\u8282\u5c55\u793a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5d4c\u5957\u4e0e\u96c6\u5408\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0
\u9910\u5385<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0<<\u63a5\u53e3>> \u53ef\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/code>\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u5bb6\u9910\u5385\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u7ec4\u5408\u94fe\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u9910\u5385<\/code> (1) \u5f3a\u62e5\u6709\u83dc\u5355<\/code>\u00a0(1).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u83dc\u5355<\/code> \u5305\u542b\u83dc\u5355\u5206\u7c7b<\/code>\u00a0(1..*).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u83dc\u5355\u5206\u7c7b<\/code> \u5305\u542b\u83dc\u5355\u9879<\/code>\u00a0(*).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/em>\u6b64\u7ed3\u6784\u5f3a\u5236\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u83dc\u5355\u9879\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u7c7b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u83dc\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. \u8ba2\u5355\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u652f\u4ed8<\/h3>\n
- \n
- \n
\u8ba2\u5355\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u8ba2\u5355<\/code> \u4e0e…\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u9910\u5385<\/code>\uff08\u805a\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u8ba2\u5355<\/code> \u5f3a\u62e5\u6709\u8ba2\u5355\u9879<\/code>\u00a0(1..*).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u8ba2\u5355<\/code> \u5177\u6709\u652f\u4ed8<\/code> (0..1)\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u521b\u5efa\u9636\u6bb5\u652f\u4ed8\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u652f\u4ed8\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u591a\u6001\u6027\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3
<<interface>> \u652f\u4ed8\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b
StripeProcessor<\/code> \u548cPayPalProcessor<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u6b64\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u66f4\u6539\u6838\u5fc3\u8ba2\u5355<\/code> \u903b\u8f91\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u652f\u4ed8\u7f51\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n4. \u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u4e0e\u63a5\u53e3\uff08\u8f66\u8f86\u793a\u4f8b\uff09<\/h3>\n
\u901f\u67e5\u8868\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u6f84\u6e05\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u6df7\u6dc6\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\uff08
Vehicle<\/code>):<\/strong>\u00a0Car<\/code> \u548cMotorcycle<\/code> \u7ee7\u627f\u81eaVehicle<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u4eab\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\/\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cengineType<\/code>,\u00a0wheels<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u63a5\u53e3\uff08
Drivable<\/code>):<\/strong>\u00a0\u6c7d\u8f66<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u9a7e\u9a76<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6c7d\u8f66<\/code> \u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\uff08drive()<\/code>\uff09\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u6469\u6258\u8f66<\/code> \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\uff08\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n\u7b2c 4 \u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 PlantUML \u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/h2>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u98df\u54c1\u914d\u9001\u5e73\u53f0\u201d\u6838\u5fc3\u7ed3\u6784\u7684 PlantUML \u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u5236\u5230\u4efb\u4f55 PlantUML \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u4e2d\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u56fe\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a195d5d056af.png\")
<\/p>\n\n\nPlantUML<\/span> - \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
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