{"id":9941,"date":"2026-05-22T18:30:15","date_gmt":"2026-05-22T10:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/cn\/building-maintainable-systems-a-hands-on-guide-to-ooa-d\/"},"modified":"2026-05-30T13:58:34","modified_gmt":"2026-05-30T05:58:34","slug":"building-maintainable-systems-a-hands-on-guide-to-ooa-d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/cn\/building-maintainable-systems-a-hands-on-guide-to-ooa-d\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08OOA\/D\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 data-nodeid=\"10404\">\u5f15\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p 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src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a103020cf2e4.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a103020cf2e4.png 914w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a103020cf2e4-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a103020cf2e4-768x429.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a103020cf2e4-150x84.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a103020cf2e4-400x224.png 400w\" width=\"914\"\/><\/p>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"10407\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"10408\">\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u5f25\u5408\u201c\u8868\u5f81\u9e3f\u6c9f\u201d<\/h2>\n<p data-nodeid=\"10409\">OOA\/D \u7684\u6839\u672c\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u7f29\u5c0f<strong data-nodeid=\"10512\">\u8868\u5f81\u9e3f\u6c9f<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5373\u73b0\u5b9e\u9886\u57df\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u89e3\u51b3\u9886\u57df\u95ee\u9898\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"10410\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"10411\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"10412\"><strong data-nodeid=\"10521\">\u5206\u6790\uff08OOA\uff09<\/strong>\u5173\u6ce8\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b<em data-nodeid=\"10522\">\u4ec0\u4e48<\/em>\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"10413\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"10414\"><strong data-nodeid=\"10531\">\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08OOD\uff09<\/strong>\u8f6c\u5411\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a<em data-nodeid=\"10532\">\u5982\u4f55<\/em>\u6570\u5b57\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-nodeid=\"10415\">\u5f53\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7c7b\u540d\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e00\u81f4\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u7136\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u9010\u6b65\u5c55\u793a\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"10416\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"10417\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\uff08\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u4f8b\uff09<\/h2>\n<p data-nodeid=\"10418\">\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6216\u7ed8\u5236\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u7528\u6237\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<strong data-nodeid=\"10542\">\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong>\u7528\u4f8b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u53d9\u4e8b\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6587\u6863\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u975e\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5916\u90e8\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u4ee5\u8fbe\u6210\u53ef\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"10419\">\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u51b2\u6ce1\u4e00\u676f\u5496\u5561<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"10420\"><strong data-nodeid=\"10552\">\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>\u987e\u5ba2<br \/>\n<strong data-nodeid=\"10553\">\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u529f\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol data-nodeid=\"10421\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"10422\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"10423\">\u987e\u5ba2\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u79cd\u996e\u54c1\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6d53\u7f29\u5496\u5561\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"10424\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"10425\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6240\u9700\u6c34\u548c\u5496\u5561\u8c46\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"10426\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"10427\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u6263\u9664\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u51b2\u6ce1\u996e\u54c1\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u5b8c\u6210\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-nodeid=\"10428\"><strong data-nodeid=\"10567\">\u66ff\u4ee3\/\u5f02\u5e38\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u539f\u6599\u6c34\u5e73\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6240\u9700\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u89e6\u53d1\u201c\u9700\u8981\u8865\u5145\u201d\u8b66\u62a5\u5e76\u5b89\u5168\u4e2d\u6b62\u51b2\u6ce1\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"10429\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"10430\">\u9636\u6bb52\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u6790\uff08\u9886\u57df\u6a21\u578b\uff09<\/h2>\n<p data-nodeid=\"10431\">\u5728\u9700\u6c42\u786e\u5b9a\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a<strong data-nodeid=\"10574\">\u9886\u57df\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u7c7b\u3001\u5176\u56fa\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5feb\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote data-nodeid=\"10432\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"10433\"><strong data-nodeid=\"10583\">\u5173\u952e\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/strong>\u9886\u57df\u6a21\u578b\u4ec5\u8868\u793a<em data-nodeid=\"10584\">\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/em>\u3002\u5b83\u6545\u610f\u907f\u514d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u3001\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u6280\u672f\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"10434\">\u5496\u5561\u673a\u7684\u9886\u57df\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"10435\">\u5728\u6b64\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u5b9e\u4f53\u5305\u62ec<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"10587\">\u5ba2\u6237<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"10589\">\u5496\u5561\u673a<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"10591\">\u996e\u54c1\u914d\u65b9<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"10593\">\u539f\u6599\u5e93\u5b58<\/code>\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee3\u7801\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"KCLLNSa\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24807\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"385\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 339px) 100vw, 339px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f3eecfd8.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f3eecfd8.png 339w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f3eecfd8-264x300.png 264w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f3eecfd8-132x150.png 132w\" width=\"339\"\/><\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com#plantuml:VL3DQiCm3Bu7yWuYnq4Fk-Om2jkbqFMGDr3ZBurfB7UotLB6tdrkKhe4HY-MzVq9QHqYQqnkA8jmj79YPKSzYxceZH527Gy1Sz9vyMslte6Yfaprre0SOkzDA8koQ0SEWTvJY5cZz5qMHC8kAtzcjEywu9FRtWecZVC6mowvFVJMsj20pNNX-b0hnmQjFTqzUvoXVC1kp2UwS8Gs-4fMOIO1I_W3PbaREMJ8Gk96pldrUfqonunj3XuU0VTkT3yMgruhMgt6ijocfXGGw2rh5_ZCyD_m-dPQcxzFh2_LuWOrAJeef9tchI4ckLy0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>\u5728VPasCode\u4e2d\u7f16\u8f91PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com#plantuml:SoWkIImgAStDuUKgpixCAqWiIinLo4ZCIoaloYmfISrJI4lCAKv5bipDpyjFpYZApqrLA2ag1KfbPAQaAkIcbcJafnJpSl5o9USa5XShE9SMbm3L52bKyt8fA3nTFldfX5vUhbea1VbfQQcfled96PbvgL1LyxgVzcy7iPxDMFzqmhAd6pO-txqAHPTBKMPUTb1gScO1LC_BfUkUJcu46lvy-GQmpiw6btCQdctOyhAz7y5_EcdQqwaBNsni0uiYcUUPbrwKcfAPcbVYcLS69FEBAY7c0aruihSNx2gONg3GqvsReThX_bCoL5BGrGLJg5woKdYoT__pAIiKx82gKMIGj62ptqhX-Uo9p_gMuzQefOGI45OAJ_TCXThaa9gNKfeB0000\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\" data-nodeid=\"10436\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">@startuml\r\nskinparam handwritten false\r\nskinparam monochrome true\r\nhide methods\r\n\r\nclass Customer {\r\n  \u59d3\u540d\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass CoffeeMachine {\r\n  \u578b\u53f7\r\n  \u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass DrinkRecipe {\r\n  \u996e\u54c1\u540d\u79f0\r\n  \u6240\u9700\u6c34\u91cf\r\n  \u6240\u9700\u5496\u5561\u8c46\u91cf\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass IngredientInventory {\r\n  \u6c34\u4f4d\r\n  \u5496\u5561\u8c46\u6c34\u5e73\r\n}\r\n\r\nCustomer \"1\" -- \"1\" CoffeeMachine : \u4f7f\u7528 &gt;\r\nCoffeeMachine \"1\" -- \"1\" IngredientInventory : \u76d1\u63a7 &gt;\r\nCoffeeMachine \"1\" -- \"*\" DrinkRecipe : \u5f15\u7528 &gt;\r\n@endum\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com#plantuml:SoWkIImgAStDuUKgpixCAqWiIinLo4ZCIoaloYmfISrJI4lCAKv5bipDpyjFpYZApqrLA2ag1KfbPAQaAkIcbcJafnJpSl5o9USa5XShE9SMbm3L52bKyt8fA3nTFldfX5vUhbea1VbfQQcfled96PbvgL1LyxgVzcy7iPxDMFzqmhAd6pO-txqAHPTBKMPUTb1gScO1LC_BfUkUJcu46lvy-GQmpiw6btCQdctOyhAz7y5_EcdQqwaBNsni0uiYcUUPbrwKcfAPcbVYcLS69FEBAY7c0aruihSNx2gONg3GqvsReThX_bCoL5BGrGLJg5woKdYoT__pAIiKx82gKMIGj62ptqhX-Uo9p_gMuzQefOGI45OAJ_TCXThaa9gNKfeB0000\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com#plantuml:VL3DQiCm3Bu7yWuYnq4Fk-Om2jkbqFMGDr3ZBurfB7UotLB6tdrkKhe4HY-MzVq9QHqYQqnkA8jmj79YPKSzYxceZH527Gy1Sz9vyMslte6Yfaprre0SOkzDA8koQ0SEWTvJY5cZz5qMHC8kAtzcjEywu9FRtWecZVC6mowvFVJMsj20pNNX-b0hnmQjFTqzUvoXVC1kp2UwS8Gs-4fMOIO1I_W3PbaREMJ8Gk96pldrUfqonunj3XuU0VTkT3yMgruhMgt6ijocfXGGw2rh5_ZCyD_m-dPQcxzFh2_LuWOrAJeef9tchI4ckLy0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>\u5728VPasCode\u4e2d\u7f16\u8f91PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"10437\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"10438\">\u9636\u6bb53\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e0e\u5e8f\u5217\u56fe\uff09<\/h2>\n<p data-nodeid=\"10439\">\u4ece\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u578b\u8f6c\u5411<strong data-nodeid=\"10607\">\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\u3002\u8d23\u4efb\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\uff0c\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u534f\u8bae\u4e5f\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a<strong data-nodeid=\"10608\">\u5e8f\u5217\u56fe<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u5e8f\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-nodeid=\"10440\">\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u6a21\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6a21\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u53f0\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5496\u5561\u673a\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u534f\u8c03\u51b2\u6ce1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"10610\">\u5496\u5561\u673a<\/code>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u914d\u65b9\u548c\u5e93\u5b58\u7ec4\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u534f\u8c03\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"PYeBkOh\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24808\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"458\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f52914f7.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f52914f7.png 746w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f52914f7-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f52914f7-150x92.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f52914f7-400x246.png 400w\" width=\"746\"\/><\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com#plantuml:bP7DJiCm48JlaV8EYqz1eY_G0wfKUkYX77hZQEnjOZMnmwvTbBV7ZPk_8X1S8cyqdlcyis4loOUcpZC-6zjAaWqqpZfLaMiGF0NCipoJoZk2RM0V_rAUHQ4tohJIUX3hhJkT40zILSQY0CbmEzyBNyZOyn7Zd6JfUA_Qsv9G6xH-Ro_nwwZhrUDq9HfOOFKyfC4Q66jKleyfn8vRGcOd7li7c8lqE97bsN0jEYIGQ52YF-97C8HDpE9YVdMWlObNY-JYCqhe5L6ZVe9tb9RJ41qqVlDOf8yFYpwLv9rreQn-CnpjPYkPJ9PWgS8PmcADFr34cA3yL0J_b-OFUHEYDjoYPRnkUoQ9ch7b9AfbLuWt5mY6Ri4m44hTFOZbecSzRz3gq7m1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>\u5728VPasCode\u4e2d\u7f16\u8f91PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com#plantuml:dP7DJi9G48NtJVeEDrr18Y_0ml0g3JIHQ8ifnNKXGYN6raXig24XQZ6m40LHi8A-37FRhdm5RxcbFyP4uwupT-PyftCALOMNbPfum3BL_R9qoCkyYCIAL2dkoHLHG8fS4rY6PS1eh1UwfpOHZ6_moJpPuV9mOSBbDUuv75glUkk5WyWtMCFqb3yOGwVkDy-m-HeDqlARdDx7fWLE1-wxqI0jDrus3b1kDwIWFFBLDZuTKK26myyTTpcYfhWio-0F5S_U8a-aGVU80iKJ1K-VWs7wFHLF6fbuPsildCibeHdSLeE5nvcl6Jk8LfJgJLgaHsHA0bzKoaUy8aHIIJpzAQA5kmzmVkUzF87T_ujkQ6zxb50dPOz8flZn0N_YjszzowQ7_mV_5qpa2JGdI2YRV0viq4G3p--kxP046qFtwZYP8yodeBN0rc2m-bpMkVHjusWBWbIgYLy0\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\" data-nodeid=\"10441\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">@startuml\r\nskinparam monochrome true\r\n\r\n\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005 \u5ba2\u6237\r\n\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005 \":\u5496\u5561\u673a\" \u4f5c\u4e3a \u673a\u5668\r\n\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005 \":\u996e\u54c1\u914d\u65b9\" \u4f5c\u4e3a \u914d\u65b9\r\n\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005 \":\u539f\u6599\u5e93\u5b58\" \u4f5c\u4e3a \u5e93\u5b58\r\n\r\n\u5ba2\u6237 -&gt; \u673a\u5668 : \u9009\u62e9\u996e\u54c1(\"\u6d53\u7f29\u5496\u5561\")\r\n\u6fc0\u6d3b \u673a\u5668\r\n\r\n\u673a\u5668 -&gt; \u914d\u65b9 : \u83b7\u53d6\u9700\u6c42()\r\n\u6fc0\u6d3b \u914d\u65b9\r\n\u914d\u65b9 --&gt; \u673a\u5668 : (\u6240\u9700\u6c34\u91cf, \u6240\u9700\u5496\u5561\u8c46\u91cf)\r\ndeactivate \u914d\u65b9\r\n\r\n\u673a\u5668 -&gt; \u5e93\u5b58 : \u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f(\u6240\u9700\u6c34\u91cf, \u6240\u9700\u5496\u5561\u8c46\u91cf)\r\n\u6fc0\u6d3b \u5e93\u5b58\r\n\u5e93\u5b58 --&gt; \u673a\u5668 : \u662f\r\ndeactivate \u5e93\u5b58\r\n\r\n\u673a\u5668 -&gt; \u5e93\u5b58 : \u6263\u9664\u539f\u6599(\u6240\u9700\u6c34\u91cf, \u6240\u9700\u5496\u5561\u8c46\u91cf)\r\n\u6fc0\u6d3b \u5e93\u5b58\r\ndeactivate \u5e93\u5b58\r\n\r\n\u673a\u5668 -&gt; \u673a\u5668 : \u51fa\u54c1()\r\n\r\n\u673a\u5668 --&gt; \u5ba2\u6237 : \u663e\u793a(\"\u60a8\u7684\u6d53\u7f29\u5496\u5561\u5df2\u51c6\u5907\u597d\uff01\")\r\ndeactivate \u673a\u5668\r\n\r\n@endum\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com#plantuml:dP7DJi9G48NtJVeEDrr18Y_0ml0g3JIHQ8ifnNKXGYN6raXig24XQZ6m40LHi8A-37FRhdm5RxcbFyP4uwupT-PyftCALOMNbPfum3BL_R9qoCkyYCIAL2dkoHLHG8fS4rY6PS1eh1UwfpOHZ6_moJpPuV9mOSBbDUuv75glUkk5WyWtMCFqb3yOGwVkDy-m-HeDqlARdDx7fWLE1-wxqI0jDrus3b1kDwIWFFBLDZuTKK26myyTTpcYfhWio-0F5S_U8a-aGVU80iKJ1K-VWs7wFHLF6fbuPsildCibeHdSLeE5nvcl6Jk8LfJgJLgaHsHA0bzKoaUy8aHIIJpzAQA5kmzmVkUzF87T_ujkQ6zxb50dPOz8flZn0N_YjszzowQ7_mV_5qpa2JGdI2YRV0viq4G3p--kxP046qFtwZYP8yodeBN0rc2m-bpMkVHjusWBWbIgYLy0\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com#plantuml:bP7DJiCm48JlaV8EYqz1eY_G0wfKUkYX77hZQEnjOZMnmwvTbBV7ZPk_8X1S8cyqdlcyis4loOUcpZC-6zjAaWqqpZfLaMiGF0NCipoJoZk2RM0V_rAUHQ4tohJIUX3hhJkT40zILSQY0CbmEzyBNyZOyn7Zd6JfUA_Qsv9G6xH-Ro_nwwZhrUDq9HfOOFKyfC4Q66jKleyfn8vRGcOd7li7c8lqE97bsN0jEYIGQ52YF-97C8HDpE9YVdMWlObNY-JYCqhe5L6ZVe9tb9RJ41qqVlDOf8yFYpwLv9rreQn-CnpjPYkPJ9PWgS8PmcADFr34cA3yL0J_b-OFUHEYDjoYPRnkUoQ9ch7b9AfbLuWt5mY6Ri4m44hTFOZbecSzRz3gq7m1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>\u5728VPasCode\u4e2d\u7f16\u8f91PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"10442\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"10443\">\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u67b6\u6784\u84dd\u56fe\uff08\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7c7b\u56fe\uff09<\/h2>\n<p data-nodeid=\"10444\">\u867d\u7136\u65f6\u5e8f\u56fe\u6355\u6349\u4e86<em data-nodeid=\"10626\">\u52a8\u6001\u884c\u4e3a<\/em>\uff0c\u800c<strong data-nodeid=\"10627\">\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7c7b\u56fe\uff08DCD\uff09<\/strong>\u5219\u786e\u7acb\u4e86<em data-nodeid=\"10628\">\u9759\u6001\u7ed3\u6784<\/em>\u901a\u8fc7\u8ffd\u8e2a\u65f6\u5e8f\u56fe\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u4e2d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-nodeid=\"10445\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"10630\">selectDrink()<\/code>\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"10632\">\u5496\u5561\u673a<\/code>\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u66b4\u9732\u4e00\u4e2a<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"10634\">selectDrink()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7c7b\u56fe\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u5145\u5f53\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u6280\u672f\u84dd\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"WKIEEJa\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24809\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"173\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1073px) 100vw, 1073px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f66cff33.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f66cff33.png 1073w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f66cff33-300x48.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f66cff33-1030x166.png 1030w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f66cff33-768x124.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f66cff33-150x24.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a102f66cff33-400x64.png 400w\" width=\"1073\"\/><\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com#plantuml:XP4_JyCm4CNtIFaEfqujeGDh1bJ-3PMWGv7OtVWriHhRmMSNHOZlZflGb48GYotxtU_v-Mx1NZWVT9qcl5Ec4KveqjROed9MWxmBI9DAIH1qurlIq1iuJfCqAMh1J7TskmMUH54f0tfF4w9vT92eL-5GcjEpTygKlQ1u3I7Rd6wjhI7CuJOZHet2tyUotNI3FPmeiH8QHtQMqujLihUGYXiOndIu_JYbwJpMA5GpP1apx9KtuU7MU0tAGUQqD1ubt94IXaUrZ4huBqN3U3u4kN5Ej6T9bgQCf8e5IxEFgtNjCL7txcECLOyz-bl8g1ByO6megsd73kfbZmpdsO_6IiXG-5CK_f__rjBpqKwk9ZI_xhQnl-KK6XdD-I_kOd8sdPngQtSSgJHPmCYWFm40\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>\u5728VPasCode\u4e2d\u7f16\u8f91PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">PlantUML<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com#plantuml:XP7BJi9G48RtJVeE4rOWid3Bml0g5Ku2aGEaBGjZJEgLD8HBH2f48Z421YDQb0WMujCuf_GjR2rDGI5kpYJddt_ccvcO90kYdATfdfFsKvcS80eKQ3QJZIV5B2KWYtd2SybKWW2XEVa0AA5xH9HuZkVYQK6I02yrhD-nbW67F0SG0RmjOcLipZJxZG8EhisdtjVarHLPumMhFTI7vlJH5YUdg5-XCdF4C5YAoefzg_kCjUEW6x1QCX_qfJAXA9XzOz6fO3YPtjUH3-MQhVCIqpuyhWq55rogOhKKfe-iGYKAh3vYTNrPSQUS3oz-wM6ObyTOqHppyCH1iGLpUhP2W-Ksqvfer73Gy6ZMjThSn5tR_FqDE-sWRVNKRT_ZVON-h9MfzrQpuqByR_PNwLysi1E0oEvFM9d5jjsCcAQlozqAh5x1pcrtcVh9Sp6IIUJfDm00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-plantuml\" data-nodeid=\"10446\"><code class=\"language-plantuml\" data-language=\"plantuml\" class=\"language-plantuml\">@startuml\r\nskinparam monochrome true\r\nhide empty members\r\n\r\nclass \u5496\u5561\u673a {\r\n  - \u578b\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7: \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\r\n  - \u662f\u5426\u5c31\u7eea: \u5e03\u5c14\u503c\r\n  + \u9009\u62e9\u996e\u54c1(\u996e\u54c1\u540d\u79f0: \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32): \u7a7a\r\n  - \u51fa\u54c1(): \u7a7a\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass \u996e\u54c1\u914d\u65b9 {\r\n  - \u996e\u54c1\u540d\u79f0: \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\r\n  - \u6240\u9700\u6c34\u91cf: \u6574\u6570\r\n  - \u6240\u9700\u5496\u5561\u8c46\u91cf: \u6574\u6570\r\n  + \u83b7\u53d6\u9700\u6c42(): \u6570\u7ec4\r\n}\r\n\r\nclass \u539f\u6599\u5e93\u5b58 {\r\n  - \u6c34\u91cf: \u6574\u6570\r\n  - \u5496\u5561\u8c46\u91cf: \u6574\u6570\r\n  + \u662f\u5426\u8db3\u591f(\u6c34: \u6574\u6570, \u5496\u5561\u8c46: \u6574\u6570): \u5e03\u5c14\u503c\r\n  + \u6263\u9664\u539f\u6599(\u6c34: \u6574\u6570, \u5496\u5561\u8c46: \u6574\u6570): \u7a7a\r\n}\r\n\r\n\u5496\u5561\u673a \"1\" -&gt; \"1\" \u539f\u6599\u5e93\u5b58 : \u66f4\u65b0\r\n\u5496\u5561\u673a \"1\" -&gt; \"*\" \u996e\u54c1\u914d\u65b9 : \u67e5\u627e\r\n@endum\r\n<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com#plantuml:XP7BJi9G48RtJVeE4rOWid3Bml0g5Ku2aGEaBGjZJEgLD8HBH2f48Z421YDQb0WMujCuf_GjR2rDGI5kpYJddt_ccvcO90kYdATfdfFsKvcS80eKQ3QJZIV5B2KWYtd2SybKWW2XEVa0AA5xH9HuZkVYQK6I02yrhD-nbW67F0SG0RmjOcLipZJxZG8EhisdtjVarHLPumMhFTI7vlJH5YUdg5-XCdF4C5YAoefzg_kCjUEW6x1QCX_qfJAXA9XzOz6fO3YPtjUH3-MQhVCIqpuyhWq55rogOhKKfe-iGYKAh3vYTNrPSQUS3oz-wM6ObyTOqHppyCH1iGLpUhP2W-Ksqvfer73Gy6ZMjThSn5tR_FqDE-sWRVNKRT_ZVON-h9MfzrQpuqByR_PNwLysi1E0oEvFM9d5jjsCcAQlozqAh5x1pcrtcVh9Sp6IIUJfDm00\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit PlantUML in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com#plantuml:XP4_JyCm4CNtIFaEfqujeGDh1bJ-3PMWGv7OtVWriHhRmMSNHOZlZflGb48GYotxtU_v-Mx1NZWVT9qcl5Ec4KveqjROed9MWxmBI9DAIH1qurlIq1iuJfCqAMh1J7TskmMUH54f0tfF4w9vT92eL-5GcjEpTygKlQ1u3I7Rd6wjhI7CuJOZHet2tyUotNI3FPmeiH8QHtQMqujLihUGYXiOndIu_JYbwJpMA5GpP1apx9KtuU7MU0tAGUQqD1ubt94IXaUrZ4huBqN3U3u4kN5Ej6T9bgQCf8e5IxEFgtNjCL7txcECLOyz-bl8g1ByO6megsd73kfbZmpdsO_6IiXG-5CK_f__rjBpqKwk9ZI_xhQnl-KK6XdD-I_kOd8sdPngQtSSgJHPmCYWFm40\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>\u5728VPasCode\u4e2d\u7f16\u8f91PlantUML<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"10447\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"10448\">OOA\/D\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p data-nodeid=\"10449\">\u4ece\u62bd\u8c61\u9700\u6c42\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u51b3\u7b56\u90fd\u80fd\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<table data-nodeid=\"10451\">\n<thead data-nodeid=\"10452\">\n<tr data-nodeid=\"10453\">\n<th data-nodeid=\"10455\">\u4ea7\u7269<\/th>\n<th data-nodeid=\"10456\">\u76ee\u7684<\/th>\n<th data-nodeid=\"10457\">\u89c6\u56fe\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\n<th data-nodeid=\"10458\">\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-nodeid=\"10463\">\n<tr data-nodeid=\"10464\">\n<td data-nodeid=\"10465\"><strong data-nodeid=\"10645\">\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-nodeid=\"10466\">\u7406\u89e3\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/td>\n<td data-nodeid=\"10467\">\u6587\u672c\u6545\u4e8b<\/td>\n<td data-nodeid=\"10468\">\u9700\u6c42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-nodeid=\"10469\">\n<td data-nodeid=\"10470\"><strong data-nodeid=\"10652\">\u9886\u57df\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-nodeid=\"10471\">\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/td>\n<td data-nodeid=\"10472\">\u9759\u6001\uff08\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\uff09<\/td>\n<td data-nodeid=\"10473\">\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u57df<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-nodeid=\"10474\">\n<td data-nodeid=\"10475\"><strong data-nodeid=\"10659\">\u987a\u5e8f\u56fe<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-nodeid=\"10476\">\u63cf\u7ed8\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/td>\n<td data-nodeid=\"10477\">\u52a8\u6001\uff08\u884c\u4e3a\u6027\uff09<\/td>\n<td data-nodeid=\"10478\">\u8f6f\u4ef6\u534f\u4f5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-nodeid=\"10479\">\n<td data-nodeid=\"10480\"><strong data-nodeid=\"10666\">\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7c7b\u56fe<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-nodeid=\"10481\">\u5c55\u793a\u786e\u5207\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u3002<\/td>\n<td data-nodeid=\"10482\">\u9759\u6001\uff08\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff09<\/td>\n<td data-nodeid=\"10483\">\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"10484\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"10485\">\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n<p data-nodeid=\"10486\">\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u7ed8\u56fe\u6280\u672f\uff1b\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ba1\u7406\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u4e25\u8c28\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u9a71\u52a8\u7684<strong data-nodeid=\"10688\">\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684<strong data-nodeid=\"10689\">\u9886\u57df\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u52a8\u6001\u7684<strong data-nodeid=\"10690\">\u987a\u5e8f\u56fe<\/strong>\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u51dd\u7ec3\u4e3a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684<strong data-nodeid=\"10691\">\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7c7b\u56fe<\/strong>\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u56e2\u961f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u6280\u672f\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-nodeid=\"10487\">\u81ea\u52a8\u5496\u5561\u673a\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u8f6f\u4ef6\u67b6\u6784\u53cd\u6620\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u82b1\u8d39\u5728\u89e3\u8bfb\u62bd\u8c61\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u7a33\u5065\u4e14\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u7684OOA\/D\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6613\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u8f7b\u677e\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e14\u5b8c\u5168\u5951\u5408\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u521d\u8877\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u53ef\u9760\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5f15\u8a00 \u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u5176\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u9879\u76ee\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u8303\u56f4\u8513\u5ef6\u548c\u96be\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u9762\u5411 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9942,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","loop-entry","clr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08OOA\/D\uff09 - Visual Paradigm \u535a\u5ba2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/cn\/building-maintainable-systems-a-hands-on-guide-to-ooa-d\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08OOA\/D\uff09 - Visual Paradigm \u535a\u5ba2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u5f15\u8a00 \u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u5176\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u9879\u76ee\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u8303\u56f4\u8513\u5ef6\u548c\u96be\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u9762\u5411 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/cn\/building-maintainable-systems-a-hands-on-guide-to-ooa-d\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Visual Paradigm \u535a\u5ba2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-22T10:30:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-30T05:58:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a103020cf2e4.png\" \/><meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a103020cf2e4.png\" \/>\n\t<meta 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