![\"Objct](\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63134535ef7.png\")
<\/p>\n\u57fa\u4e8e\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bb2\u4e49\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u672c\u6307\u5357\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u5728UML\u5efa\u6a21\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ea6\u675f\u8bed\u8a00\uff08OCL\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136UML\u56fe\uff08\u5982\u7c7b\u56fe\uff09\u5728\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u6b67\u4e49\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u4f20\u7edf\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong>\u867d\u7136\u65e0\u6b67\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u592a\u96be\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7f16\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n OCL<\/strong>\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a7a\u767d\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong>\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u8fbe\u7cbe\u786e\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u6613\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7f16\u5199<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u7eaf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a<\/strong>\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6ca1\u6709\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6c42\u503cOCL\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5<\/em>\u6539\u53d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0<\/em>\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u4e0d\u662f\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a<\/strong>\u4f60\u65e0\u6cd5\u7f16\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\uff0c\u6216\u8c03\u7528\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\/\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a<\/strong>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u90fd\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88\u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2aUML\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u90fd\u662fOCL\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u77ac\u65f6\u6c42\u503c\uff1a<\/strong>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u6c42\u503cOCL\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u671f\u95f4<\/em>\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n \u6bcf\u4e2aOCL\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u90fd\u5728\u7279\u5b9aUML\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\uff08\u7c7b\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u7531\u00a0\u8868\u793a \u4e2d\u7f00\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6570\u5b66\/\u903b\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08 \u4f7f\u7528\u70b9\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u62ec\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n OCL \u5305\u542b\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5e03\u5c14\u503c\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0 \u6574\u6570 \/ \u5b9e\u6570\uff1a<\/strong>\u6570\u5b57\uff08\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1a<\/strong>\u6587\u672c\uff08\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a \u96c6\u5408\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u00a0 \u96c6\u5408\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u6570\u5b66\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u65e0\u5e8f\uff09\u3002\u00a0 \u6709\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4f46\u6309\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u00a0 \u591a\u91cd\u96c6\u5408\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65e0\u5e8f\u3002\u00a0 \u5e8f\u5217\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6709\u5e8f\u3002\u00a0 \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/em>\u00a0\u8be5\u00a0 \u901a\u7528\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0 \u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff08OCL\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u8bed\u6cd5\u53d8\u4f53\uff1a<\/em><\/p>\n OCL\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4f5c\u5bfc\u822a\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u904d\u5386\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u79f0\u8fdb\u884c\u5bfc\u822a\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u591a\u91cd\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n \u591a\u91cd\u6027\u00a0 \u591a\u91cd\u6027\u00a0 \u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u5c11\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u7c7b\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u5c0f\u5199\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u00a0 \u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u8054\u7c7b\u7684\u5c0f\u5199\u540d\u79f0\u5bfc\u822a\u5230\u5173\u8054\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u8054\u5faa\u73af\u56de\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u65f6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u6307\u5b9a\u65b9\u5411\u00a0 \u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u7279\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528\u00a0 \u5fc5\u987b\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u771f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u59cb\u7ec8<\/strong>\u00a0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u771f\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u5b50\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bfc\u822a\u7a7a\u5173\u8054\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5177\u6709\u77ed\u8def\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\nOCL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n
\n
\n2. \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u8bed\u4e49<\/h2>\n
\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u548cSelf<\/h3>\n
\n
\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/code><\/strong>: \u5b9a\u4e49\u7ea6\u675f\u6240\u9002\u7528\u7684\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\nself<\/code><\/strong>: \u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\uff0c\u6307\u4ee3\u6b63\u5728\u6c42\u503c\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7c7b\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Person\r\n-- 'self' \u6307\u4ee3 Person \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5b9e\u4f8b\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u6ce8\u91ca\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/h3>\n
\n
--<\/code>\u00a0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u00a0-- \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u91ca<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n+<\/code>,\u00a0-<\/code>,\u00a0=<\/code>,\u00a0<<\/code>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c\u00a0a + b<\/code>\u00a0\u4e0e\u00a0a.+(b)<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n
\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Person\r\nself.age -- \u8bbf\u95ee 'age' \u5c5e\u6027\r\nself.stockPrice() -- \u8c03\u7528 'stockPrice' \u64cd\u4f5c\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n3. \u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u96c6\u5408<\/h2>\n
\u57fa\u672c\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n
\n
true<\/code>,\u00a0false<\/code>\uff08\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u4e0e<\/code>,\u00a0\u6216<\/code>,\u00a0\u975e<\/code>,\u00a0\u8574\u542b<\/code>,\u00a0\u5f02\u6216<\/code>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n+<\/code>,\u00a0-<\/code>,\u00a0*<\/code>,\u00a0\/<\/code>,\u00a0\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c<\/code>,\u00a0\u6700\u5927\u503c<\/code>,\u00a0\u6700\u5c0f\u503c<\/code>,\u00a0\u6574\u9664<\/code>,\u00a0\u53d6\u6a21<\/code>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\u957f\u5ea6<\/code>,\u00a0\u8fde\u63a5<\/code>,\u00a0\u5b50\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/code>,\u00a0\u8f6c\u4e3a\u6574\u6570<\/code>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u96c6\u5408<\/h3>\n
-><\/code>\u00a0\u7b26\u53f7\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n
\u96c6\u5408 {1, 2, 5}<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\u6709\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408 {5, 4, 3}<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\u591a\u91cd\u96c6\u5408 {1, 2, 2, 5}<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\u5e8f\u5217 {1, 2, 5, 10}<\/code><\/p>\n\n
..<\/code>\u00a0\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u6574\u6570\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff1a\u00a0\u5e8f\u5217 {1..5}<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\u5173\u952e\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
\n
size()<\/code>,\u00a0isEmpty()<\/code>,\u00a0notEmpty()<\/code>,\u00a0includes(v)<\/code>,\u00a0excludes(v)<\/code>,\u00a0count(v)<\/code>,\u00a0sum()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n
select(expr)<\/code>: \u8fd4\u56de\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dexpr<\/code>\u4e3a\u771f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\nreject(expr)<\/code>: \u8fd4\u56de\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dexpr<\/code>\u4e3a\u5047\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\ncollect(expr)<\/code>: \u4ece\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\nforAll(expr)<\/code>: \u8fd4\u56detrue<\/code>\u5982\u679cexpr<\/code>\u5bf9\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\u6240\u6709<\/em>\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\nexists(expr)<\/code>: \u8fd4\u56detrue<\/code>\u5982\u679cexpr<\/code>\u5bf9\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a<\/em>\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\niterate(elem; acc = init | expr)<\/code>: \u6240\u6709\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7684\u901a\u7528\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nself.employee->select(age > 50)\r\nself.employee->select(p | p.age > 50)\r\nself.employee->select(p: Person | p.age > 50)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n4. \u5bfc\u822aUML\u6a21\u578b<\/h2>\n
\u6807\u51c6\u5bfc\u822a<\/h3>\n
\n
1<\/code>\u00a0\u6216\u00a00..1<\/code>:<\/strong>\u00a0\u8fd4\u56de\u5355\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n*<\/code>:<\/strong>\u00a0\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0\u96c6\u5408<\/code>\u00a0\uff08\u6216\u00a0\u6709\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408<\/code>\u00a0\u5982\u679c\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u00a0{ordered}<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Company\r\nself.manager.age > 40 -- manager \u662f 0..1\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a Person \u5bf9\u8c61\r\nself.employee->notEmpty() -- employee \u662f 0..*\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nself.bank<\/code>).<\/em><\/p>\n\u5173\u8054\u7c7b<\/h3>\n
\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Person\r\nself.job->size() >= 1 -- 'job' \u662f Person \u548c Company \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u7c7b\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u9012\u5f52\u5173\u8054<\/h3>\n
[roleName]<\/code>.<\/p>\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Person\r\nself.marriage[\u59bb\u5b50]->select(m | m.\u7ed3\u675f = false)->size() = 1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u9650\u5b9a\u5173\u8054<\/h3>\n
\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Bank\r\nself.customer[12345] -- \u8fd4\u56de\u8d26\u6237\u53f7\u4e3a12345\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u5458\r\nself.customer -- \u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u96c6\u5408\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u91cd\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\uff08\u5f3a\u5236\u8f6c\u6362\uff09<\/h3>\n
oclAsType()<\/code>\u00a0\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u8d85\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\nself.oclAsType(\u5b50).p -- \u8bbf\u95ee\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5c5e\u6027 'p'\r\nself.oclAsType(\u8d85).p -- \u8bbf\u95ee\u5728\u8d85\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5c5e\u6027 'p'\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n5. \u7f16\u5199\u7ea6\u675f<\/h2>\n
1. \u4e0d\u53d8\u5f0f\uff08
inv<\/code>)<\/h3>\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Company \r\ninv: self.\u5458\u5de5\u6570\u91cf <= 50\r\ninv SME: self.\u80a1\u4ef7() > 0 -- 'SME' \u662f\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u540d\u79f0\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n2. \u524d\u7f6e\u548c\u540e\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\uff08
pre<\/code>,\u00a0post<\/code>)<\/h3>\n\n
pre<\/code><\/strong>: \u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u771f\u00a0\u6267\u884c\u524d<\/em>\u00a0\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\npost<\/code><\/strong>: \u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u771f\u00a0\u6267\u884c\u540e<\/em>\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c<\/code>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n@pre<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u540e\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\u524d<\/em>\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Person::income(): Integer\r\npre adult: self.age >= 18\r\npost resultOK: result < 5000\r\n\r\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Company::hireEmployee(p: Person)\r\npost: employee = employee@pre->including(p)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n3. Body\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u548c\u6d3e\u751f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
\n
body<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\ninit<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\nderive<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Person::income(): Integer\r\nbody: self.job.salary->sum()\r\n\r\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Person::isMarried: Boolean\r\ninit: false\r\n\r\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Company::noEmployees: Integer\r\nderive: self.employee->size()\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n6. \u9ad8\u7ea7OCL\u7279\u6027<\/h2>\n
Let\u548cDef\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
\n
let<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\nlet totHours: Integer = self.worksOn->collect(hours)->sum() in totHours >= 30\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\ndef<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u5173\u8054\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\ndef: hasTitle(t: String): Boolean = self.job->exists(title = t)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u503c\uff08\u4e09\u503c\u903b\u8f91\uff09<\/h3>\n
\n
true or <\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49><\/code>\u00a0=\u00a0true<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n