{"id":26858,"date":"2026-05-29T16:14:47","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T08:14:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/in\/mastering-object-oriented-design-a-practical-case-study-in-order-processing-systems-using-uml-class-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-05-30T13:31:34","modified_gmt":"2026-05-30T05:31:34","slug":"mastering-object-oriented-design-a-practical-case-study-in-order-processing-systems-using-uml-class-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/in\/mastering-object-oriented-design-a-practical-case-study-in-order-processing-systems-using-uml-class-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e: UML \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0921\u0940"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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\"Case<\/p>\n

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\n

\u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0921\u0940: \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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2. \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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    \n
  • \n

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  • \n

    \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0906\u0907\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

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  • \n

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    \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
      \n
    • \n

      \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u090f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

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    • \n

      \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      3. UML \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 UML \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      3.1 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n

      \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0941\u0923:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f: \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f[0..1]<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928: \u092c\u0942\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928[1]<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e: \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917[1]<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 \u0905\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f: \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902()<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902()<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e:<\/strong>
            \n\u091f\u0940\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n

              \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n

                \u0928\u093e\u092e[1]<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u092a\u0924\u093e[0..1]<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u093e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902(): \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0906\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 (\u0909\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917):<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \n

                  \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902:\u00a0\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e<\/code>,\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/code>,\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928:\u00a0\u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0932 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902(\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915)<\/code>,\u00a0\u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901()<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927: \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 (\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e 0..1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 (\u0909\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917):<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \n

                    \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e:\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927:\u00a0{getCreditRating() == \"\u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c\"}<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u093e\u0928<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    3.2 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong><\/h4>\n

                    \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927: \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936-\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \n

                      \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e:<\/strong>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (*), \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (1)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u0938\u0902\u0918\u091f\u0928: \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936-\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \n

                        \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e:<\/strong>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (*), \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (1)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                      • \n

                        \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927:<\/strong>\u00a0{\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924}<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0907\u091f\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                      • \n

                        \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e:<\/strong>\u00a0\u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0907\u091f\u092e<\/code>\u00a0\u2013 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927: \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f-\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • \n

                          \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e:<\/strong>\u00a0\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (* \u0938\u0947 1)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                        • \n

                          \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940:<\/strong>\u00a0\u090f\u0915\u0926\u093f\u0936\u0940\u092f \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                        • \n

                          \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0948\u091f\u0932\u0949\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923: \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • \n

                            \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094c\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n

                            \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/strong>\u00a0\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n

                            \u0932\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            3.3 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/strong><\/h4>\n

                            \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0932\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/p>\n

                            \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e 1: \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            {\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930.\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915.\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \"\u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c\" \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930.\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u091a \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                            \u092f\u0939 OCL-\u0936\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n
                            \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e 2: \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n
                            {\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f\u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917() == \"\u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c\"}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                            \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
                            3.4 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0928\u0948\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                            \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0928\u0948\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/p>\n
                              \n
                            • \n
                              *\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 (1 \u0938\u0947\u00a0):<\/em>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (0..*), \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0908 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                            • \n
                              *\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 (1 \u0938\u0947\u00a0):<\/em>\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0906\u0907\u091f\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                            • \n
                              \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 (\u00a0\u0938\u0947 1):<\/em>* \u0915\u0908 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0906\u0907\u091f\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                            • \n
                              \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 (\u00a0\u0938\u0947 0..1):<\/em>* \u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092a\u094b\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0916\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                              4. \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f<\/strong><\/h3>\n
                              \u091a\u0930\u0923 1: \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                              \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
                              \u091a\u0930\u0923 2: \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                              \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902, \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0905\u0916\u0902\u0921\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964<\/p>\n
                              \u091a\u0930\u0923 3: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                              \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n
                              \u091a\u0930\u0923 4: \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/h4>\n
                              \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0928\u090f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915) \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
                              5. \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0920 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930<\/strong><\/h3>\n
                              1. \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940:<\/strong>
                              \n\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947\u00a0\u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0907\u091f\u092e<\/code>\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0920\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
                              2. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>
                              \n\u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
                              3. \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e:<\/strong>
                              \n\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n
                              4. \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948:<\/strong>
                              \n\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0928\u0948\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
                              5. \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e:<\/strong>
                              \n\u090f\u0915\u0926\u093f\u0936\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 (\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926) \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0907\u0921\u093e\u0907\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
                              6. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e<\/strong><\/h3>\n
                              \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0917\u094d\u0932\u094b\u092c\u0932\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u0949\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/p>\n
                                \n
                              • \n
                                40% \u0915\u092e\u0940<\/strong>\u00a0\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                              • \n
                                60% \u0924\u0947\u091c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0928\u090f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                              • \n
                                \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928<\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                              • \n
                                \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e<\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                              • \n
                                \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915\u0939\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/strong>\u00a0\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                \n
                                \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                                \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0921\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f UML \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u2014\u0935\u0947 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915, \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u0947\u0938, \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0947-\u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n
                                \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n
                                  \n
                                1. \n
                                  \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915\u0939\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                2. \n
                                  \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u2014\u0935\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                3. \n
                                  \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0940\u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                4. \n
                                  \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e:<\/strong>\u00a0\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                5. \n
                                  \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930:<\/strong>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\u092c\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0940\u092e\u093e, API \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                  \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0921\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940, \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f-\u0913\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                                  \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0906\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0928, \u0930\u0916\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0935 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094c\u0936\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e (UML) \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0915\u094d\u0936\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0938 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Visual Paradigm Blog Indian<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/in\/mastering-object-oriented-design-a-practical-case-study-in-order-processing-systems-using-uml-class-diagrams\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u0905\u092d\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e: UML \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 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property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/in\/mastering-object-oriented-design-a-practical-case-study-in-order-processing-systems-using-uml-class-diagrams\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Visual Paradigm Blog Indian\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-29T08:14:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-30T05:31:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a194ccdbe778.png\" \/><meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a194ccdbe778.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"913\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"509\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta 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