{"id":26908,"date":"2026-07-24T15:49:56","date_gmt":"2026-07-24T07:49:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/in\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-crc-class-responsibility-collaborator-modeling\/"},"modified":"2026-07-26T17:18:55","modified_gmt":"2026-07-26T09:18:55","slug":"a-comprehensive-guide-to-crc-class-responsibility-collaborator-modeling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/in\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-crc-class-responsibility-collaborator-modeling\/","title":{"rendered":"CRC (\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940) \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-nodeid=\"46197\">\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0916 (OO) \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e CRC \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 CRC \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"46198\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"46199\">1. \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901: CRC \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/h2>\n<p data-nodeid=\"46200\">CRC \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0901\u091f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p id=\"XIcnqAB\"><img alt=\"A CRC Card by Visual Paradigm \" class=\"alignnone wp-image-25383 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"559\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a6319010673a.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a6319010673a.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a6319010673a-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a6319010673a-768x419.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a6319010673a-150x82.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a6319010673a-400x218.png 400w\" width=\"1024\"\/><\/p>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"46201\">A. \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 (\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930)<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"46202\">\u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941, \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e, \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"46203\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"46204\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46205\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46349\">\u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e:<\/strong>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u094b \u090f\u0915\u0935\u091a\u0928 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46350\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/em>, \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46351\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46206\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46207\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46376\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\u00a0\u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917\/\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46377\">\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0907\u091f\u092e<\/em>,\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46378\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/em>,\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46379\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0906\u0907\u091f\u092e<\/em>,\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46380\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/em>, \u0914\u0930\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46381\">\u0938\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0924\u093e<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"46208\">B. \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 (\u092c\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u0949\u0932\u092e)<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"46209\">\u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b\u00a0<strong data-nodeid=\"46392\">\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>\u00a0\u092f\u093e\u00a0<strong data-nodeid=\"46393\">\u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"46210\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"46211\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46212\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46406\">\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e\/\u090f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0938):<\/strong>\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46407\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/em>\u00a0\u090f\u0915\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46408\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/em>\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u0928 \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46213\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46214\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46421\">\u0935\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\/\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901):<\/strong>\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46422\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/em>\u00a0\u090f\u0915\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46423\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915<\/em>\u00a0\u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947, \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"46215\">\u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 (\u0926\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0949\u0932\u092e)<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"46216\">\u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0924\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"46217\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"46218\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46219\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46452\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923:<\/strong>\u00a0\u090f\u0915\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46453\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/em>\u00a0\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u201c\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u201d \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0<strong data-nodeid=\"46454\">\u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong>\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46455\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/em>\u00a0(\u091c\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0914\u0930\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46456\">\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941<\/em>\u00a0(\u091c\u094b \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"46220\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"46221\">2. CRC \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091f\u0940\u092e<\/h2>\n<p data-nodeid=\"46222\">\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092b\u0932 CRC \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<ol data-nodeid=\"46223\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"46224\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46225\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46466\">\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e (BDEs):<\/strong>\u00a0\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e (\u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 4 \u0938\u0947 5 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0902\u091f-\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940)\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0926\u093f\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46467\">\u0928\u094b\u091f: \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0915 CRC \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u0935\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/em><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46226\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46227\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46472\">\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46228\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46229\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46477\">\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915(\u0938):<\/strong>1 \u092f\u093e 2 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947\/\u092c\u0917\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u091f \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46230\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46231\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46482\">\u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0915:<\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"46232\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"46233\">3. 6-\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f CRC \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/h2>\n<p id=\"ltvBSeX\"><img alt=\"6-step CRC Modeling Process\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-25385 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"559\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63198b4ed1b.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63198b4ed1b.png 1024w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63198b4ed1b-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63198b4ed1b-768x419.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63198b4ed1b-150x82.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63198b4ed1b-400x218.png 400w\" width=\"1024\"\/><\/p>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"46234\">\u091a\u0930\u0923 1: \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"46235\">4-5 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 BDEs, \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0941\u0915, \u0914\u0930 1-2 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"46236\">\u091a\u0930\u0923 2: \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/h3>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"46237\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"46238\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46239\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46491\">\u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0924\u0939\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092a \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092b\u0947\u0926 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46240\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46241\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46496\">\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932:<\/strong>BDEs \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940, \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0947\u091c \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46242\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46243\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46501\">\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928:<\/strong>\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u091c\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46244\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46245\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46510\">\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940:<\/strong>\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921, \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915<strong data-nodeid=\"46511\">\u0928\u0930\u092e, \u092b\u094b\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0947\u0902\u0926<\/strong> (\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"46246\">\u091a\u0930\u0923 3: \u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"46247\">\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0941\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0941\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"46248\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"46249\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46250\"><em data-nodeid=\"46533\">\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/em>\u201c\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948?\u201d, \u201c\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902?\u201d, \u201c\u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947\/\u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\/\u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?\u201d, \u201c\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"46251\">\u091a\u0930\u0923 4: \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"46252\">\u0938\u0941\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0941\u0915 10-15 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0924\u0915 CRC \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"46253\">\u091a\u0930\u0923 5: \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 CRC \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"46254\">BDEs \u092e\u0947\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"46255\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"46256\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46257\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46542\">\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u092a\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\/\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 3-5 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46258\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46259\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46547\">\u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u092a\u0942\u091b\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46260\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46261\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46552\">\u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46262\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46263\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46565\">\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"46566\">\u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/em>\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u201c\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u201d \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"46264\">\u091a\u0930\u0923 6: \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917-\u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 (\u092c\u0949\u0932 \u091f\u0949\u0938 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938)<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"46265\">\u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u091f\u0940\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u201c\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u092f\u201d \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<ol data-nodeid=\"46266\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"46267\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46268\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46591\">\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0932\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917-\u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u201c\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u201d) \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 BDE \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0930\u092e \u0917\u0947\u0902\u0926 \u092b\u0947\u0902\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f,<em data-nodeid=\"46592\">\u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46269\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46270\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46597\">\u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46271\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46272\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46602\">\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u0917\u0947\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f BDE \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u092c \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0930\u0923-\u0926\u0930-\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 (\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935-\u0915\u094b\u0921) \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46273\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46274\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46611\">\u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u092f\u0926\u093f BDE \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f,<em data-nodeid=\"46612\">\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0907\u091f\u092e<\/em>) \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0915 BDE \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0947\u0902\u0926 \u092b\u0947\u0902\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0938 BDE \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46275\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46276\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46617\">\u0917\u0947\u0902\u0926 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong>\u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0917\u0947\u0902\u0926 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u092b\u0947\u0902\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u094c\u091f \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"46277\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"46278\">4. CRC \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0938\u0921\u0940\u090f\u0932\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092b\u093f\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/h2>\n<p data-nodeid=\"46279\">CRC \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f-\u0913\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0939\u0948<strong data-nodeid=\"46628\">\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927<\/strong> (\u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0924\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f) \u0914\u0930<strong data-nodeid=\"46629\">\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940<\/strong> (\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947-\u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f)\u0964<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"46280\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"46281\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46282\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46650\">\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong>CRC \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u092a \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u00a0<strong data-nodeid=\"46651\">\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917-\u0915\u0947\u0938<\/strong> \u0914\u0930<strong data-nodeid=\"46652\">\u092f\u0942\u0906\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094d\u0938<\/strong>, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902\u00a0<strong data-nodeid=\"46653\">\u0938\u0940\u0906\u0930\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u094d\u0938<\/strong>, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u00a0<strong data-nodeid=\"46654\">\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46283\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46284\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46659\">\u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917-\u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917-\u0915\u0947\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0947\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0940\u0906\u0930\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"46285\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"46286\">5. \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938<\/h2>\n<ol data-nodeid=\"46287\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"46288\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46289\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46667\">\u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093e \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092c\u0940\u0921\u0940\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46290\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46291\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46672\">\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0906\u0930\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0932\u0947\u0906\u0909\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46292\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46293\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46677\">\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0947\u0902; \u092c\u0940\u0921\u0940\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46294\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46295\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46682\">\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b-\u091f\u0947\u0915 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902:<\/strong> \u0938\u0940\u0906\u0930\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947, \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46296\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46297\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46687\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093f\u092a-\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46298\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46299\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46692\">\u0915\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902:<\/strong>\u00a0\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46300\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46301\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46697\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u00a0\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0928\u0947\u0924\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46302\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46303\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46702\">\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0902\u091f-\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0938\u0940\u0906\u0930\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"46304\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"46305\">6. \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928<\/h2>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"46306\">\u0932\u093e\u092d<\/h3>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"46307\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"46308\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46309\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46709\">\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0935\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46310\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46311\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46714\">\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917:<\/strong>\u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46312\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46313\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46719\">\u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46314\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46315\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46731\">\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0924:<\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b \u0907\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 &#8216;\u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928&#8217; \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46316\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46317\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46736\">\u0915\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f:<\/strong>\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092b\u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093f\u091f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46318\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46319\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46741\">\u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923:<\/strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"46320\">\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928<\/h3>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"46321\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"46322\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46323\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46749\">\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0915:<\/strong>\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0917\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46324\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46325\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46754\">\u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u0948:<\/strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 4-5 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"46326\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"46327\"><strong data-nodeid=\"46759\">\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/strong>\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0902\u0921\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0922\u0947\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 CRC \u0915\u094b \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0938, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"46328\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"46329\">\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-nodeid=\"46330\">\u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f<strong data-nodeid=\"46772\">\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong>\u0928\u0908 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u094c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964 CRC \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<em data-nodeid=\"46773\">\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925<\/em>\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928-\u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940, \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u091f\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091a\u0930, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0916 (OO) \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e CRC \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 CRC \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[99],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-crc","loop-entry","clr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>CRC (\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940) \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e - Visual Paradigm Blog Indian<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/in\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-crc-class-responsibility-collaborator-modeling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CRC (\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940) \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e - Visual Paradigm Blog Indian\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u0909\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0916 (OO) \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e CRC \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 CRC \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940, \u0915\u092e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/in\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-crc-class-responsibility-collaborator-modeling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Visual Paradigm Blog Indian\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-07-24T07:49:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-26T09:18:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a6319010673a.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" 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