{"id":10505,"date":"2026-07-24T15:26:46","date_gmt":"2026-07-24T07:26:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/tw\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-the-object-constraint-language-ocl\/"},"modified":"2026-07-26T17:41:26","modified_gmt":"2026-07-26T09:41:26","slug":"a-comprehensive-guide-to-the-object-constraint-language-ocl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/tw\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-the-object-constraint-language-ocl\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7269\u4ef6\u7d04\u675f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08OCL\uff09\u5168\u9762\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-nodeid=\"44120\">\u6839\u64da\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8b1b\u7fa9\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u672c\u6307\u5357\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u7269\u4ef6\u7d04\u675f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08OCL\uff09\u5728UML\u5efa\u6a21\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u8a9e\u6cd5\u53ca\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p id=\"ELHqSML\"><img alt=\"Objct Constraint Language (OCL)\n\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-25369 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"928\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1664px) 100vw, 1664px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63134535ef7.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63134535ef7.png 1664w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63134535ef7-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63134535ef7-1030x574.png 1030w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63134535ef7-768x428.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63134535ef7-1536x857.png 1536w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63134535ef7-150x84.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a63134535ef7-400x223.png 400w\" width=\"1664\"\/><\/p>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"44121\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"44122\">1. OCL\u7c21\u4ecb<\/h2>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44123\">\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9700\u8981OCL\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44124\">\u96d6\u7136UML\u5716\u8868\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u985e\u5225\u5716\uff09\u5728\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u7d50\u69cb\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u6cd5\u8868\u9054\u898f\u683c\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u9762\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"44125\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44126\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44127\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44305\">\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00<\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u6b67\u7fa9\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44128\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44129\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44310\">\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00<\/strong>\u96d6\u7121\u6b67\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5efa\u6a21\u8005\u800c\u8a00\u904e\u65bc\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u95b1\u8b80\u8207\u64b0\u5beb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44130\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44131\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44323\">OCL<\/strong>\u00a0\u5f4c\u88dc\u4e86\u9019\u9805\u5dee\u8ddd\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u00a0<strong data-nodeid=\"44324\">\u6b63\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00<\/strong>\u00a0\u7528\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u7d04\u675f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u00a0<strong data-nodeid=\"44325\">\u6613\u65bc\u95b1\u8b80\u8207\u64b0\u5beb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44132\">OCL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n<ol data-nodeid=\"44133\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44134\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44135\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44339\">\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u4e0d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8a55\u4f30\u4e00\u500bOCL\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u6703\u50b3\u56de\u4e00\u500b\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"44340\">\u7121\u6cd5<\/em>\u00a0\u6539\u8b8a\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5920\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"44341\">\u63cf\u8ff0<\/em>\u00a0\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5f8c\u7f6e\u689d\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44136\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44137\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44346\">\u4e26\u975e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u4f60\u7121\u6cd5\u64b0\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u6216\u547c\u53eb\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\/\u4f5c\u696d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44138\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44139\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44351\">\u985e\u578b\u8a9e\u8a00\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u6bcf\u500b\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u985e\u578b\u3002\u5408\u4e4e\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u5fc5\u9808\u9075\u5b88\u985e\u578b\u76f8\u5bb9\u898f\u5247\u3002\u6bcf\u500bUML\u5206\u985e\u5668\u90fd\u662fOCL\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44140\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44141\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44360\">\u5373\u6642\u8a55\u4f30\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5728\u8a55\u4f30OCL\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u671f\u9593\u7121\u6cd5\u6539\u8b8a\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"44361\">\u671f\u9593<\/em>\u00a0OCL\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"44142\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"44143\">2. \u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8207\u8a9e\u7fa9<\/h2>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44144\">\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u8207Self<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44145\">\u6bcf\u500bOCL\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9aUML\u5206\u985e\u5668\uff08\u985e\u5225\u3001\u4ecb\u9762\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u8a55\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"44146\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44147\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44148\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44369\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44366\">\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7d04\u675f\u6240\u9069\u7528\u7684\u985e\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44149\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44150\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44374\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44371\">self<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\uff0c\u6307\u4ee3\u6b63\u5728\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u985e\u5225\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5be6\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44151\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Person\r\n-- 'self' \u6307\u4ee3 Person \u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5be6\u4f8b\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44152\">\u8a3b\u89e3\u8207\u904b\u7b97\u5b50<\/h3>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"44153\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44154\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44155\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44384\">\u8a3b\u89e3\uff1a<\/strong>\u4ee5\u00a0\u8868\u793a<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44380\">--<\/code>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44382\">-- \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8a3b\u89e3<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44156\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44157\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44401\">\u4e2d\u7db4\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff1a<\/strong>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u6578\u5b78\/\u908f\u8f2f\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\uff08<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44389\">+<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44391\">-<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44393\">=<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44395\">&lt;<\/code>\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44397\">a + b<\/code>\u7b49\u540c\u65bc<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44399\">a.+(b)<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44158\">\u5b58\u53d6\u5c6c\u6027<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44159\">\u4f7f\u7528\u9ede\u7b26\u865f\u4f86\u5b58\u53d6\u5c6c\u6027\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6c92\u6709\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u4f7f\u7528\u62ec\u865f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44160\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Person\r\nself.age             -- \u5b58\u53d6 'age' \u5c6c\u6027\r\nself.stockPrice()    -- \u547c\u53eb 'stockPrice' \u64cd\u4f5c\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"44161\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"44162\">3. \u985e\u578b\u8207\u96c6\u5408<\/h2>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44163\">\u57fa\u672c\u9810\u5b9a\u7fa9\u985e\u578b<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44164\">OCL \u5305\u542b\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u985e\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"44165\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44166\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44167\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44425\">\u5e03\u6797\u503c\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44411\">true<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44413\">false<\/code>\u00a0(\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44415\">and<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44417\">or<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44419\">not<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44421\">implies<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44423\">xor<\/code>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44168\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44169\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44448\">\u6574\u6578 \/ \u5be6\u6578\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u6578\u5b57 (\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44430\">+<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44432\">-<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44434\">*<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44436\">\/<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44438\">\u7d55\u5c0d\u503c<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44440\">\u6700\u5927\u503c<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44442\">\u6700\u5c0f\u503c<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44444\">\u9664\u6cd5<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44446\">\u53d6\u6a21<\/code>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44170\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44171\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44461\">\u5b57\u4e32\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u6587\u5b57\uff08\u904b\u7b97\uff1a\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44453\">\u5927\u5c0f<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44455\">\u4e32\u63a5<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44457\">\u5b50\u5b57\u4e32<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44459\">\u8f49\u70ba\u6574\u6578<\/code>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44172\">\u96c6\u5408<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44173\">\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u591a\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44464\">-&gt;<\/code>\u00a0\u7b26\u865f\u4f86\u5b58\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<ol data-nodeid=\"44174\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44175\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44176\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44471\">\u96c6\u5408\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u6578\u5b78\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u7121\u91cd\u8907\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u7121\u9806\u5e8f\uff09\u3002\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44470\">\u96c6\u5408 {1, 2, 5}<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44177\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44178\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44477\">\u6709\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u7121\u91cd\u8907\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44476\">\u6709\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408 {5, 4, 3}<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44179\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44180\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44483\">\u96c6\u5408\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u5141\u8a31\u91cd\u8907\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u7121\u9806\u5e8f\u3002\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44482\">\u96c6\u5408 {1, 2, 2, 5}<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44181\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44182\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44489\">\u5e8f\u5217\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0\u5141\u8a31\u91cd\u8907\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u6709\u9806\u5e8f\u3002\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44488\">\u5e8f\u5217 {1, 2, 5, 10}<\/code><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"44183\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44184\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44185\"><em data-nodeid=\"44498\">\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/em>\u00a0\u9019\u500b\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44494\">..<\/code>\u00a0\u7b26\u865f\u6703\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u7d44\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u6574\u6578\uff1a\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44496\">\u5e8f\u5217 {1..5}<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44186\">\u95dc\u9375\u96c6\u5408\u904b\u7b97<\/h3>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"44187\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44188\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44189\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44518\">\u5e38\u898b\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44504\">size()<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44506\">isEmpty()<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44508\">notEmpty()<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44510\">includes(v)<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44512\">excludes(v)<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44514\">count(v)<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44516\">sum()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44190\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44191\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44522\">\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff08OCL \u7684\u95dc\u9375\uff09\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"44192\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44193\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44194\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44523\">select(expr)<\/code>: \u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44525\">expr<\/code>\u00a0\u70ba\u771f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44195\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44196\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44527\">reject(expr)<\/code>: \u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44529\">expr<\/code>\u00a0\u70ba\u5047\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44197\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44198\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44531\">collect(expr)<\/code>: \u5f9e\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u653e\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44199\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44200\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44533\">forAll(expr)<\/code>: \u8fd4\u56de\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44535\">true<\/code>\u00a0\u5982\u679c\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44537\">expr<\/code>\u00a0\u5c0d\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u70ba\u771f\u3002<em data-nodeid=\"44543\">\u6240\u6709<\/em>\u00a0\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44201\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44202\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44544\">exists(expr)<\/code>: \u8fd4\u56de\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44546\">true<\/code>\u00a0\u5982\u679c\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44548\">expr<\/code>\u00a0\u5c0d\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u70ba\u771f\u3002<em data-nodeid=\"44554\">\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u500b<\/em>\u00a0\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44203\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44204\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44555\">iterate(elem; acc = init | expr)<\/code>: \u6240\u6709\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7684\u901a\u7528\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44205\"><em data-nodeid=\"44560\">\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8b8a\u9ad4\uff1a<\/em><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44206\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">self.employee-&gt;select(age &gt; 50)\r\nself.employee-&gt;select(p | p.age &gt; 50)\r\nself.employee-&gt;select(p: Person | p.age &gt; 50)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"44207\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"44208\">4. \u5c0e\u822a UML \u6a21\u578b<\/h2>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44209\">OCL \u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7528\u4f5c\u5c0e\u822a\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u904d\u6b77\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44210\">\u6a19\u6e96\u5c0e\u822a<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44211\">\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u7a31\u9032\u884c\u5c0e\u822a\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u985e\u578b\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u591a\u91cd\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"44212\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44213\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44214\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44573\">\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44567\">1<\/code>\u00a0\u6216\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44569\">0..1<\/code>:<\/strong>\u00a0\u8fd4\u56de\u55ae\u500b\u7269\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44215\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44216\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44586\">\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44576\">*<\/code>:<\/strong>\u00a0\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u500b\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44580\">\u96c6\u5408<\/code>\u00a0\uff08\u6216\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44582\">\u6709\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408<\/code>\u00a0\u5982\u679c\u6a19\u8a18\u70ba\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44584\">{\u6709\u5e8f}<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44217\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Company\r\nself.manager.age &gt; 40               -- manager \u662f 0..1\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u500b Person \u7269\u4ef6\r\nself.employee-&gt;notEmpty()           -- employee \u662f 0..*\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u500b\u96c6\u5408\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44218\"><em data-nodeid=\"44592\">\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u5c11\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u8acb\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u985e\u5225\u7684\u5c0f\u5beb\u540d\u7a31\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44589\">self.bank<\/code>).<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44219\">\u95dc\u806f\u985e\u5225<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44220\">\u4f7f\u7528\u95dc\u806f\u985e\u5225\u7684\u5c0f\u5beb\u540d\u7a31\u5c0e\u822a\u81f3\u95dc\u806f\u985e\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44221\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Person\r\nself.job-&gt;size() &gt;= 1  -- 'job' \u662f Person \u8207 Company \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u985e\u5225\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44222\">\u905e\u6b78\u95dc\u806f<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44223\">\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u806f\u8ff4\u5708\u56de\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u5225\u6642\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5169\u500b Person \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u865f\u6307\u5b9a\u65b9\u5411\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44597\">[\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u7a31]<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44224\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 \u4eba\u54e1\r\nself.marriage[\u59bb\u5b50]-&gt;select(m | m.\u7d50\u675f = false)-&gt;size() = 1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44225\">\u5df2\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u95dc\u806f<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44226\">\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u7b26\u5c6c\u6027\u4f86\u9078\u64c7\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44227\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 \u9280\u884c\r\nself.customer[12345]  -- \u56de\u50b3\u5e33\u6236\u7de8\u865f\u70ba 12345 \u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u54e1\r\nself.customer         -- \u56de\u50b3\u6240\u6709\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u96c6\u5408\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44228\">\u91cd\u65b0\u985e\u578b\u5316\uff08\u8f49\u578b\uff09<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44229\">\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44603\">oclAsType()<\/code>\u00a0\u4f86\u5b58\u53d6\u5b50\u985e\u5225\u6216\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u8d85\u985e\u5225\u5c6c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44230\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">self.oclAsType(\u5b50).p       -- \u5b58\u53d6\u5728\u5b50\u985e\u5225\u4e2d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u5c6c\u6027 'p'\r\nself.oclAsType(\u8d85).p     -- \u5b58\u53d6\u5728\u8d85\u985e\u5225\u4e2d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u5c6c\u6027 'p'\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"44231\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"44232\">5. \u5beb\u5165\u7d04\u675f<\/h2>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44233\">1. \u4e0d\u8b8a\u5f0f\uff08<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44607\">inv<\/code>)<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44234\">\u5fc5\u9808\u00a0<strong data-nodeid=\"44614\">\u6c38\u9060<\/strong>\u00a0\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u985e\u5225\u5be6\u4f8b\u70ba\u771f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44235\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 \u516c\u53f8 \r\ninv: self.\u54e1\u5de5\u4eba\u6578 &lt;= 50\r\ninv SME: self.\u80a1\u7968\u50f9\u683c() &gt; 0  -- 'SME' \u662f\u7d04\u675f\u7684\u53ef\u9078\u540d\u7a31\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44236\">2. \u524d\u7f6e\u8207\u5f8c\u7f6e\u689d\u4ef6\uff08<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44616\">pre<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44618\">post<\/code>)<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44237\">\u8207\u64cd\u4f5c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7d04\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"44238\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44239\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44240\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44629\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44622\">pre<\/code><\/strong>: \u5fc5\u9808\u70ba\u771f\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"44630\">\u57f7\u884c\u524d<\/em>\u00a0\u57f7\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44241\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44242\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44641\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44632\">post<\/code><\/strong>: \u5fc5\u9808\u70ba\u771f\u00a0<em data-nodeid=\"44642\">\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c<\/em>\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44639\">\u7d50\u679c<\/code>\u7528\u65bc\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44243\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44244\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44651\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44644\">@pre<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u65bc\u5f8c\u7f6e\u689d\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53c3\u8003\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u503c<em data-nodeid=\"44652\">\u64cd\u4f5c\u958b\u59cb\u524d<\/em>\u64cd\u4f5c\u958b\u59cb\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44245\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Person::income(): Integer\r\npre adult: self.age &gt;= 18\r\npost resultOK: result &lt; 5000\r\n\r\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Company::hireEmployee(p: Person)\r\npost: employee = employee@pre-&gt;including(p)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44246\">3. \u8eab\u9ad4\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u8207\u884d\u751f\u8868\u793a\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"44247\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44248\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44249\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44658\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44655\">body<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u67e5\u8a62\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u53ef\u70ba\u905e\u8ff4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44250\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44251\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44663\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44660\">init<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44252\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44253\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44668\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44665\">derive<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u884d\u751f\u5c6c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44254\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Person::income(): Integer\r\nbody: self.job.salary-&gt;sum()\r\n\r\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Person::isMarried: Boolean\r\ninit: false\r\n\r\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 Company::noEmployees: Integer\r\nderive: self.employee-&gt;size()\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"44255\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"44256\">6. \u9032\u968e OCL \u529f\u80fd<\/h2>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44257\">Let \u8207 Def \u8868\u793a\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"44258\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44259\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44260\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44675\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44672\">let<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u55ae\u4e00\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5340\u57df\u8b8a\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44261\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">let totHours: Integer = self.worksOn-&gt;collect(hours)-&gt;sum() in totHours &gt;= 30\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44262\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44263\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44680\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44677\">def<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\u6216\u8207\u5206\u985e\u5668\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44264\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">def: hasTitle(t: String): Boolean = self.job-&gt;exists(title = t)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44265\">\u672a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u503c\uff08\u4e09\u503c\u908f\u8f2f\uff09<\/h3>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44266\">\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u672a\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c0e\u822a\u81f3\u7a7a\u95dc\u806f\uff09\uff0c\u5247\u6574\u500b\u8868\u793a\u5f0f\u70ba\u672a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e03\u6797\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u77ed\u8def\u4f8b\u5916\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"44267\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44268\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44269\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44683\">true or &lt;\u672a\u5b9a\u7fa9&gt;<\/code>\u00a0=\u00a0<strong data-nodeid=\"44688\">true<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44270\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44271\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44689\">false and &lt;\u672a\u5b9a\u7fa9&gt;<\/code>\u00a0=\u00a0<strong data-nodeid=\"44694\">\u932f\u8aa4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44272\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44273\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44695\">\u932f\u8aa4\u610f\u5473\u8457&lt;undefined&gt;<\/code>\u00a0=\u00a0<strong data-nodeid=\"44700\">\u6b63\u78ba<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44274\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44275\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44701\">&lt;undefined&gt;\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6b63\u78ba<\/code>\u00a0=\u00a0<strong data-nodeid=\"44706\">\u6b63\u78ba<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44276\">\u985e\u5225\u529f\u80fd\u8207\u9810\u8a2d\u7269\u4ef6\u5c6c\u6027<\/h3>\n<ul data-nodeid=\"44277\">\n<li data-nodeid=\"44278\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44279\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44714\"><code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44711\">allInstances()<\/code><\/strong>: \u56de\u50b3\u4e00\u500b\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u8a72\u985e\u5225\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44280\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">Person.allInstances()-&gt;size() &lt;= 100\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li data-nodeid=\"44281\">\n<p data-nodeid=\"44282\"><strong data-nodeid=\"44727\">\u7269\u4ef6\u5c6c\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44719\">oclIsTypeOf(\u985e\u578b)<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44721\">oclIsKindOf(\u985e\u578b)<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44723\">oclInState(\u72c0\u614b)<\/code>,\u00a0<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44725\">oclIsNew<\/code>\u00a0(\u7528\u65bc\u5f8c\u7f6e\u689d\u4ef6)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-nodeid=\"44283\"\/>\n<h2 data-nodeid=\"44284\">7. \u7d9c\u5408\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u516c\u53f8\u6a21\u578b<\/h2>\n<p data-nodeid=\"44285\">\u70ba\u4e86\u978f\u56fa\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u7d44\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u516c\u53f8\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u54e1\u5de5\u3001\u90e8\u9580\u3001\u5c08\u6848\u3001\u4f9d\u8cf4\u8005\uff09\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7d04\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44286\">\u57fa\u672c\u5c6c\u6027\u7d04\u675f<\/h3>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44287\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">-- \u5e74\u9f61\u5fc5\u9808\u5927\u65bc\u7b49\u65bc18\r\ncontext Employee inv: self.age() &gt;= 18\r\n\r\n-- \u96c7\u7528\u65e5\u671f\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u51fa\u751f\u65e5\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\r\ncontext Employee inv: self.hireDate &gt; self.birthDate\r\n\r\n-- \u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u958b\u59cb\u65e5\u671f\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u96c7\u7528\u65e5\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\r\ncontext Employee inv: self.manages-&gt;notEmpty() implies self.manages.startDate &gt; self.hireDate\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44288\">\u5c0e\u822a\u8207\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d04\u675f<\/h3>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44289\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">-- \u4e3b\u7ba1\u5fc5\u9808\u6bd4\u54e1\u5de5\u5e74\u9577\u4e14\u85aa\u8cc7\u66f4\u9ad8\r\ncontext Employee \r\ninv: self.supervisor-&gt;notEmpty() implies self.age() &gt; self.supervisor.age()\r\ninv: self.supervisor-&gt;notEmpty() implies self.salary &lt; self.supervisor.salary\r\n\r\n-- \u4e3b\u7ba1\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u4e0b\u5c6c\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u96c7\u7528\r\ncontext Employee \r\ninv: self.subordinates-&gt;notEmpty() implies self.subordinates-&gt;forall(e | e.hireDate &gt; self.hireDate)\r\n\r\n-- \u90e8\u9580\u7d93\u7406\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u8a72\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\r\ncontext Department \r\ninv: self.worksFor-&gt;includes(self.manages.employee)\r\n\r\n-- \u5c08\u6848\u5730\u9ede\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u9ede\r\ncontext Project \r\ninv: self.controls.locations-&gt;includes(self.location)\r\n\r\n-- \u54e1\u5de5\u53ea\u80fd\u53c3\u8207\u5176\u90e8\u9580\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5c08\u6848\r\ncontext Employee \r\ninv: self.worksFor.controls-&gt;includesAll(self.worksOn.project)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44290\">\u96c6\u5408\u8207\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7d04\u675f<\/h3>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44291\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">-- \u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u865f\u78bc\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u6240\u6709\u54e1\u5de5\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\r\ncontext Employee \r\ninv: Employee.allInstances-&gt;forAll(e1, e2 | e1 &lt;&gt; e2 implies e1.SSN &lt;&gt; e2.SSN)\r\n\r\n-- \u4f9d\u8cf4\u8005\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u8207\u95dc\u4fc2\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u6bcf\u4f4d\u54e1\u5de5\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\r\ncontext Employee \r\ninv: self.dependents-&gt;forAll(e1, e2 | \r\n      e1 &lt;&gt; e2 implies (e1.name &lt;&gt; e2.name or e1.relationship &lt;&gt; e2.relationship))\r\n\r\n-- \u884d\u751f\u5c6c\u6027\uff1a\u90e8\u9580\u4e2d\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u4eba\u6578\r\ncontext Department \r\ninv: self.nbrEmployees = self.worksFor-&gt;size()\r\n\r\n-- \u54e1\u5de5\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u53c3\u82074\u500b\u5c08\u6848\r\ncontext Employee \r\ninv: self.worksOn-&gt;size() &lt;= 4\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44292\">\u4f7f\u7528\u8907\u96dc\u908f\u8f2f<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44734\">\u8b93<\/code>\u548c<code data-backticks=\"1\" data-nodeid=\"44736\">\u9078\u64c7<\/code><\/h3>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44293\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">-- \u6bcf\u9031\u7e3d\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u6578\u5fc5\u9808\u4ecb\u65bc30\u81f350\u5c0f\u6642\u4e4b\u9593\r\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 \u54e1\u5de5 \r\n\u4e0d\u8b8a\u5f0f: \u8b93 totHours: \u6574\u6578 = self.worksOn-&gt;\u6536\u96c6(\u5c0f\u6642)-&gt;\u7e3d\u548c() \r\n     \u5728 totHours &gt;= 30 \u4e14 totHours &lt;= 50\r\n\r\n-- \u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5c08\u6848\u4e0a\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u50c5\u67092\u540d\u54e1\u5de5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c11\u65bc10\u5c0f\u6642\r\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 \u5c08\u6848 \r\n\u4e0d\u8b8a\u5f0f: self.worksOn-&gt;\u9078\u64c7(\u5c0f\u6642 &lt; 10)-&gt;\u5927\u5c0f() &lt;= 2\r\n\r\n-- \u50c5\u90e8\u9580\u7d93\u7406\u53ef\u65bc\u5c08\u6848\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c11\u65bc5\u5c0f\u6642\r\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 \u54e1\u5de5 \r\n\u4e0d\u8b8a\u5f0f: self.worksOn-&gt;\u9078\u64c7(\u5c0f\u6642 &lt; 5)-&gt;\u975e\u7a7a() \u610f\u5473\u8457 \r\n     self.worksFor.manages.employee = self\r\n\r\n-- \u7121\u4e0b\u5c6c\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5176\u8ca0\u8cac\u7684\u5c08\u6848\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u81f3\u5c1110\u5c0f\u6642\r\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 \u54e1\u5de5 \r\n\u4e0d\u8b8a\u5f0f: self.subordinates-&gt;\u70ba\u7a7a() \u610f\u5473\u8457 self.worksOn-&gt;\u5c0d\u6240\u6709(\u5c0f\u6642 &gt;= 10)\r\n\r\n-- \u90e8\u9580\u7d93\u7406\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u90e8\u9580\u6240\u7ba1\u63a7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c08\u6848\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u81f3\u5c115\u5c0f\u6642\r\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 \u90e8\u9580 \r\n\u4e0d\u8b8a\u5f0f: self.controls-&gt;\u5c0d\u6240\u6709(p: \u5c08\u6848 | \r\n      self.manages.employee.worksOn-&gt;\u9078\u64c7(\u5c0f\u6642 &gt;= 5)-&gt;\u5305\u542b(p))\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 data-nodeid=\"44294\">\u9632\u6b62\u5faa\u74b0\uff08\u905e\u8ff4\u908f\u8f2f\uff09<\/h3>\n<pre class=\"lang-ocl\" data-nodeid=\"44295\"><code data-language=\"ocl\">-- \u54e1\u5de5\u4e0d\u80fd\u76e3\u7763\u81ea\u5df1\r\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 \u54e1\u5de5 \u4e0d\u8b8a\u5f0f: self.subordinates-&gt;\u6392\u9664(self)\r\n\r\n-- \u76e3\u7763\u968e\u5c64\u4e0d\u5f97\u5f62\u6210\u5faa\u74b0\r\n\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587 \u54e1\u5de5 \r\n\u5b9a\u7fa9: allSubordinates = self.subordinates-&gt;\u806f\u5408(\r\n          self.subordinates-&gt;\u6536\u96c6(e: \u54e1\u5de5 | e.allSubordinates))\r\n\u4e0d\u8b8a\u5f0f: self.allSubordinates-&gt;\u6392\u9664(self)<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6839\u64da\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8b1b\u7fa9\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u672c\u6307\u5357\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u7269\u4ef6\u7d04\u675f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08OCL\uff09\u5728UML\u5efa\u6a21\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u8a9e\u6cd5\u53ca\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u3002 1.  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uml","loop-entry","clr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u7269\u4ef6\u7d04\u675f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08OCL\uff09\u5168\u9762\u6307\u5357 - Visual Paradigm \u535a\u5ba2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/tw\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-the-object-constraint-language-ocl\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_TW\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u7269\u4ef6\u7d04\u675f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08OCL\uff09\u5168\u9762\u6307\u5357 - Visual Paradigm \u535a\u5ba2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u6839\u64da\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8b1b\u7fa9\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u672c\u6307\u5357\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u7269\u4ef6\u7d04\u675f\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08OCL\uff09\u5728UML\u5efa\u6a21\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u8a9e\u6cd5\u53ca\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u3002 1. 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