{"id":11088,"date":"2026-01-10T07:05:11","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T23:05:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-stock-and-flow-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-01-10T07:05:11","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T23:05:11","slug":"comprehensive-guide-to-stock-and-flow-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-stock-and-flow-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, kinh doanh, k\u1ebf to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng, hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n<\/a>c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trongVisual Paradigm Online<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng<\/strong>: Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch l\u0169y ho\u1eb7c suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed3n kho.<\/li>\n
  3. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/strong>: Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c can thi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  4. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o<\/strong>: Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n

    1. T\u1ed3n kho:<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>: T\u1ed3n kho l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/strong>: T\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u00f4 la, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. Lu\u1ed3ng:<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>: Lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eeb \u0111i kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed3n kho theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/strong>: Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/h3>\n

        a. T\u1ed3n kho (H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt):<\/h4>\n
          \n
        • \u0110\u4ee3\u8868 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed3n kho.<\/li>\n
        • Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n kho (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cT\u1ed3n kho v\u1ed1n\u201d).<\/li>\n
        • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          b. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y (M\u0169i t\u00ean):<\/h4>\n
            \n
          • \u0110\u4ee3\u8868 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y (d\u00f2ng v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng ra).<\/li>\n
          • \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u201d).<\/li>\n
          • T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed7i n\u0103m) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            c. B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i (H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n):<\/h4>\n
              \n
            • \u0110\u4ee3\u8868 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed3n kho.<\/li>\n
            • \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cHao m\u00f2n\u201d).<\/li>\n
            • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              d. B\u1ed9 n\u1ed1i (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng):<\/h4>\n
                \n
              • K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u1ed3n kho, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \"Stock<\/p>\n

                C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Visual Paradigm<\/h2>\n

                Visual Paradigm Online cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

                T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/h4>\n

                B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ed3n kho v\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 hao m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. M\u1edf Visual Paradigm Online v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n
                2. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ed3n kho \u201cT\u1ed3n kho v\u1ed1n\u201d v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                3. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u201c\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u201d g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o t\u1ed3n kho v\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n
                4. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u201cHao m\u00f2n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n kho v\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n
                5. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hao m\u00f2n l\u00ean t\u1ed3n kho v\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n
                6. \u0110\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u00f4 la\/n\u0103m).<\/li>\n
                7. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 hao m\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed3n kho v\u1ed1n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2: T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1<\/h3>\n

                  T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/h4>\n

                  B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn sinh, t\u1eed v\u00e0 di c\u01b0.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. M\u1edf Visual Paradigm Online v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u1eabu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 D\u00f2ng.<\/li>\n
                  2. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ed5ng “D\u00e2n s\u1ed1” v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                  3. Th\u00eam c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u00f2ng “Sinh con”, “T\u1eed vong” v\u00e0 “Di c\u01b0” g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eeb \u0111i d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/li>\n
                  4. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a sinh con, t\u1eed vong v\u00e0 di c\u01b0.<\/li>\n
                  5. G\u00e1n nh\u00e3n cho c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/n\u0103m).<\/li>\n
                  6. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch sinh con, t\u1eed vong v\u00e0 di c\u01b0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 D\u00f2ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh th\u00e1i hay ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. Visual Paradigm Online \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

                    \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, kinh doanh, k\u1ebf to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian. 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