{"id":11248,"date":"2026-01-10T10:09:29","date_gmt":"2026-01-10T02:09:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/"},"modified":"2026-01-10T10:09:29","modified_gmt":"2026-01-10T02:09:29","slug":"comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; Quan h\u1ec7 (ER): V\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/data-modeling\/what-is-entity-relationship-diagram\/\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; Quan h\u1ec7 (ER)<\/a>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PlantUML.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER:<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER bao g\u1ed3m ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 t\u00ean, h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, v.v.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t, m\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u. Cardinality c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"ERD - Video Rental System - Visual Paradigm Community Circle\" class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ERD-Video-Rental-System.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"edit-template-v1\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=ERDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/64ea6b87-f3bf-4b51-a810-329c61a90058.xml&amp;name=Simple%20Movie%20Rental%20ERD\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/strong>: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u00ean li\u00ean quan d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong> M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung v\u00e0 khung tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER:<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean v\u00e0 cardinality duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c cardinalities ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER:<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c cardinalities c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li>Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0 th\u1eeba.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c minh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER \u2013 V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd sinh vi\u00ean:<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 sau: sinh vi\u00ean, m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 khoa. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc do m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t khoa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t khoa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ER sau<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/simple-school-and-student-erd.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"edit-template-v1\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/simple-school-and-student-erd.png\">T\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ERD n\u00e0y<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ERD \u2013 C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 t\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch, ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o mua.<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ERD:<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/erd-example-book-database.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"edit-template-v1\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/templates\/entity-relationship-diagram\/erd-example-book-database\/\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ERD n\u00e0y<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ERD \u2013 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ATM<\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (ATM). C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 t\u00ean kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n, m\u00e3 PIN v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n theo d\u00f5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ATM v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/erd-example-atm.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"edit-template-v1\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/templates\/entity-relationship-diagram\/erd-example-atm\/\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ERD n\u00e0y<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"pbEQTpR\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h2>\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 PlantUML, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER cho m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ATM. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ed5ng quan, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ER c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; Quan h\u1ec7 (ER)l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau trong [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11249,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","loop-entry","clr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - Quan h\u1ec7 (ER): V\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda - Visual Paradigm Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - Quan h\u1ec7 (ER): V\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda - Visual Paradigm Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; Quan h\u1ec7 (ER)l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau trong [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Visual Paradigm Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-10T02:09:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_64102bbce30d6.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"802\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"344\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/\",\"name\":\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - Quan h\u1ec7 (ER): V\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda - Visual Paradigm Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_64102bbce30d6.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-10T02:09:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-10T02:09:29+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/a649c442f11a53040710ddec750926c6\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_64102bbce30d6.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_64102bbce30d6.png\",\"width\":802,\"height\":344},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; Quan h\u1ec7 (ER): V\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/\",\"name\":\"Visual Paradigm Blog\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/a649c442f11a53040710ddec750926c6\",\"name\":\"Admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b756c36f5e9132f6067fb4d22bef2e3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b756c36f5e9132f6067fb4d22bef2e3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Admin\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/author\/vpadminuser\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - Quan h\u1ec7 (ER): V\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda - Visual Paradigm Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - Quan h\u1ec7 (ER): V\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda - Visual Paradigm Blog","og_description":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; Quan h\u1ec7 (ER)l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau trong [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/","og_site_name":"Visual Paradigm Blog","article_published_time":"2026-01-10T02:09:29+00:00","og_image":[{"width":802,"height":344,"url":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_64102bbce30d6.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi":"Admin","\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc":"6 ph\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/","url":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/","name":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - Quan h\u1ec7 (ER): V\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda - Visual Paradigm Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_64102bbce30d6.png","datePublished":"2026-01-10T02:09:29+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-10T02:09:29+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/a649c442f11a53040710ddec750926c6"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi","@id":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_64102bbce30d6.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2026\/01\/img_64102bbce30d6.png","width":802,"height":344},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/comprehensive-guide-to-entity-relationship-er-modeling-with-example\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 &#8211; Quan h\u1ec7 (ER): V\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/","name":"Visual Paradigm Blog","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"vi"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/a649c442f11a53040710ddec750926c6","name":"Admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi","@id":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b756c36f5e9132f6067fb4d22bef2e3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b756c36f5e9132f6067fb4d22bef2e3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Admin"},"url":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/author\/vpadminuser\/"}]}},"modified_by":"vpjick","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11248"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11248\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}