{"id":11390,"date":"2026-01-10T13:34:28","date_gmt":"2026-01-10T05:34:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/types-of-pdf-a\/"},"modified":"2026-01-10T13:34:28","modified_gmt":"2026-01-10T05:34:28","slug":"types-of-pdf-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/types-of-pdf-a\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i PDF\/A"},"content":{"rendered":"<p id=\"pgIbUlz\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-16247\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"400\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/img_63858721ea7ef.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/img_63858721ea7ef.png 600w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/img_63858721ea7ef-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/img_63858721ea7ef-150x100.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/img_63858721ea7ef-400x267.png 400w\" width=\"600\"\/><\/p>\n<p>PDF\/A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111a ph\u1ea7n: PDF\/A-1, PDF\/A-2, PDF\/A-3 v\u00e0 PDF\/A-4. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 PDF\/A-1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ebd v\u1eabn h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i &#8220;n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p&#8221; l\u00ean PDF\/A-2.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i PDF\/A kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed7i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e9n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u00fap l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau: a (truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), b (c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n) v\u00e0 u (Unicode), t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i PDF\/A<\/p>\n<h2>PDF\/A-1<\/h2>\n<p>PDF\/A-1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng PDF\/A g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay. N\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean PDF 1.4 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u1eaft khe nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 JPEG 2000, t\u1ec7p \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m, l\u1edbp v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng trong su\u1ed1t. Ph\u1ea7n 1 c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2005, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hai m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 cho t\u1ec7p PDF:<\/p>\n<p><strong>PDF\/A-1b<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 B (c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n) tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<br \/>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 B y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ec7p s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c in trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PDF\/A-1a<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 A (truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<br \/>\nM\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 A bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 B c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng tin ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Unicode \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2>PDF\/A-2<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng trong su\u1ed1t, l\u1edbp, n\u00e9n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh JPEG 2000 v\u00e0 JBIG2, v\u00e0 t\u1ec7p \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m (ch\u1ec9 t\u1ec7p PDF\/A). Ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u1ee7a Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n PDF\/A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2011, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o PDF 1.5, 1.6 v\u00e0 1.7:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00e9n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh JPEG 2000<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u1edbp<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00e8n ph\u00f4ng ch\u1eef OpenType<\/li>\n<li>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ch\u1eef k\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e2ng cao PDF<\/li>\n<li>T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ch\u00e8n t\u1ec7p PDF\/A<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>PDF\/A-2 c\u00f3 ba m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7: a, b v\u00e0 u. V\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t m\u1ee9c a v\u00e0 b r\u1ed3i, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ee9c u.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 U<\/strong>cho ph\u00e9p t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 sao ch\u00e9p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2>PDF\/A-3<\/h2>\n<p>PDF\/A-3 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m so v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t n\u00f3. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean PDF 1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 PDF\/A-2. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 PDF\/A-3 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00e8n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p n\u00e0o (nh\u01b0 XML, CSV, CAD, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c) v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 PDF\/A, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf t\u1ec7p PDF\/A. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<h2>PDF\/A-4<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n 4 c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean PDF 2.0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, n\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ba m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau (a, b v\u00e0 u) v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u hai m\u1ee9c m\u1edbi: e v\u00e0 f.<\/p>\n<p>PDF\/A-4e h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n phong ph\u00fa, ch\u00fa th\u00edch 3D v\u00e0 t\u1ec7p nh\u00fang, trong khi PDF\/A-4f nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i JavaScript trong t\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong lu\u1ed3ng t\u1ec7p nh\u00fang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi b\u1edfi tr\u00ecnh xem.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb tu\u00e2n theo gia \u0111\u00ecnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n PDF\/UA.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/online-pdf-editor\/convert-from-pdf\/\">Tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i PDF mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn VP<\/a>h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh PDF\/A trong v\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i PDF sang PDF\/A tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed tr\u00ean<a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/online-pdf-editor\/\">Tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn VP<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PDF\/A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111a ph\u1ea7n: PDF\/A-1, PDF\/A-2, PDF\/A-3 v\u00e0 PDF\/A-4. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 PDF\/A-1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ebd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":11391,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","loop-entry","clr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i PDF\/A - Visual Paradigm Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/types-of-pdf-a\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i PDF\/A - Visual Paradigm Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PDF\/A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111a ph\u1ea7n: PDF\/A-1, PDF\/A-2, PDF\/A-3 v\u00e0 PDF\/A-4. 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