{"id":11618,"date":"2026-01-11T11:29:49","date_gmt":"2026-01-11T03:29:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/uml-a-comprehensive-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-01-11T11:29:49","modified_gmt":"2026-01-11T03:29:49","slug":"uml-a-comprehensive-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/uml-a-comprehensive-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"UML \u2013 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unified_Modeling_Language#:~:text=The%20Unified%20Modeling%20Language%20(UML,the%20design%20of%20a%20system.\">UML<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/\">Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/uml-banner.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng UML?<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. M\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u00ecm v\u00e0 s\u1eeda c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e2u sau khi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kinh doanh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c che gi\u1ea5u chi ti\u1ebft, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu.<\/li>\n<li>UML cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o, ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 (ho\u1eb7c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng!) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/visual-modeling-tool\/\">bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 UML<\/a>, trong khi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y nhanh n\u1ebfu tr\u00ecnh sinh m\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1eabu m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>N\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h2>\n<p>UML c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. Jim Rumbaugh, Grady Booch v\u00e0 Ivar Jacobson \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML). \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (RFP) do Nh\u00f3m Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OMG) ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i chung. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i RFP, UML 1.0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1t, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb 1.1 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.5, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 UML 2.1 t\u1eeb 01 \u0111\u1ebfn 06 (hi\u1ec7n nay phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n UML hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 2.5)<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mercus-images.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/what-is-uml\/01-uml-history.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a UML<\/h2>\n<p>L\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML l\u00e0 m\u00e3 trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c quan m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 UML th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 UML gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i thay v\u00ec vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>UML l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh cho l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Object-Oriented-Technology-Diagram-Visual-Paradigm\/dp\/0073214507\">sinh m\u00e3<\/a> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 UML v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u2013 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac so v\u1edbi H\u00e0nh vi<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 UML th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, trong khi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-24018 size-full\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"266\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/img_67d9188339e55.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/img_67d9188339e55.png 705w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/img_67d9188339e55-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/img_67d9188339e55-150x57.png 150w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/img_67d9188339e55-400x151.png 400w\" width=\"705\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>Xem t\u0129nh so v\u1edbi Xem \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u0129nh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, trong khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/behavior-vs-structural-diagram\/\">C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/a>th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>14 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML<\/h3>\n<p>UML 2.2 c\u00f3<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/behavior-vs-structural-diagram\/\">14 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/a>, trong \u0111\u00f3 7 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 7 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh chung v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/01-uml-diagram-types.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea3y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i quanh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u00a0<\/strong><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\"><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-class-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p<\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng, ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-deployment-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, minh h\u1ecda quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tri\u1ec3n khai t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-package-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">N\u00f3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML li\u00ean quan v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac UML c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-profile-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-class-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-object-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-component-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, minh h\u1ecda quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tri\u1ec3n khai t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/h3>\n<p>N\u0103m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i qua c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o g\u00e2y ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 360px;\" width=\"1289\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><strong>H\u00e0nh vi\u00a0<\/strong><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\"><strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-activity-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 song song<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-use-case-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-state-machine-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1<\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-communication-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp<\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 do.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-interaction-overview-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interaction_diagram\">s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/a>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"170\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-timing-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian<\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c khi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 suy lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ecdc theo tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Class_diagram\">l\u1edbp<\/a>m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi. N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, l\u1edbp, h\u00e0m v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/uml-class-diagram-tutorial\/\">l\u1edbp<\/a>l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9a t\u00ean l\u1edbp, ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u1edf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 sau: Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, m\u1ed9t, nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/1_class-diagram-gui-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"edit-template-v1\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=ClassDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/7cacd2b6-df6f-40ae-ba75-eeab9a09aa54.xml&amp;name=Class%20Diagram%20GUI%20Example\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp n\u00e0y<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd m\u1eabu cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn xa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u1edbp UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1ch m\u00e3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i hai l\u1edbp. \u1ede m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu, vai tr\u00f2 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp. M\u1ed7i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn-to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn-c\u1ee7a. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed7ng tr\u00ean l\u1edbp ch\u1ee9a, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp ch\u1ee9a.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>L\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nghi\u00eang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi, v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-object-diagram\/\">s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/object-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(T\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Visual Paradigm (Desktop))<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/uml-tool\/#object-diagram\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<li>Trong UML, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Component_diagram#:~:text=In%20Unified%20Modeling%20Language%20(UML,structure%20of%20arbitrarily%20complex%20systems.\">th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/a>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n logic v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tri\u1ec3n khai t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/safety-inspection-component-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p id=\"XSVGpUR\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8299 aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"505\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 852px) 100vw, 852px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_628ee278551d7.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_628ee278551d7.png 852w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_628ee278551d7-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_628ee278551d7-768x455.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_628ee278551d7-705x418.png 705w\" width=\"852\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"edit-template-v1\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=ComponentDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/d1caf913-3b4b-49a9-96d7-f91dbaec0717.xml&amp;name=Safety%20Inspection%20Component%20Diagram\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML n\u00e0y<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 <a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/tutorials\/component-diagram-tutorial\/\">th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/a>th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u0103n t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh k\u1eb9o m\u00fat ho\u1eb7c \u1ed5 c\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 cung th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/uml-deployment-diagram-mortgage-application.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"edit-template-v1\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=DeploymentDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/be5d1c7f-5879-4942-b090-e3d9160b7f79.xml&amp;name=UML%20Deployment%20Diagram%3A%20Mortgage%20Application\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/a><\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tri\u1ec3n khai. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3u) ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>5. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1ed9t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-package-diagram\/\"> s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau. Ch\u00fang t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/uml-package-diagram-example-stocks-trading-system.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"edit-template-v1\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=PackageDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/df73c422-ed3f-4397-8da2-37197c0b5067.xml&amp;name=UML%20Package%20Diagram%20Example%3A%20Stocks%20Trading%20System\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i n\u00e0y<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng tam gi\u00e1c \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i l\u1ed3ng nhau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa hai g\u00f3i n\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1edbp n\u00e0o trong g\u00f3i A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1edbp n\u00e0o trong g\u00f3i B, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u2013 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/tutorials\/package-diagram-tutorial\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/a> cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1eadp g\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1eeb g\u00f3i \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0o g\u00f3i ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eefa hai g\u00f3i. N\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t container cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t g\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng nhau theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 container c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c sao ch\u00e9p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u00ean trong n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>6. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac H\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh<\/h3>\n<p><span data-offset-key=\"cmqfr-0-0\">Trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML, m\u1ed9t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-composite-structure-diagram\/\">s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh<\/a> m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n, c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/object-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(T\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/uml-tool\/#composite-structure-diagram\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac H\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/uml-tool\/#object-diagram\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">)<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-ul\" data-offset-key=\"72h71-0-0\">\n<li class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-unorderedListItem public-DraftStyleDefault-reset public-DraftStyleDefault-depth0 public-DraftStyleDefault-listLTR\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"er4qe\" data-offset-key=\"72h71-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"72h71-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"72h71-0-0\">C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n: m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"er4qe\" data-offset-key=\"72h71-0-0\">M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng v\u1edbi nhau, m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng.<\/li>\n<li class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-unorderedListItem public-DraftStyleDefault-depth0 public-DraftStyleDefault-listLTR\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"er4qe\" data-offset-key=\"bcet6-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"bcet6-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"bcet6-0-0\">C\u1ed5ng: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1edbp v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"er4qe\" data-offset-key=\"bcet6-0-0\">Giao di\u1ec7n: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec3n khai giao di\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai b\u00ean trong.<\/li>\n<li class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-unorderedListItem public-DraftStyleDefault-depth0 public-DraftStyleDefault-listLTR\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"er4qe\" data-offset-key=\"2ksm7-0-0\">\n<div class=\"public-DraftStyleDefault-block public-DraftStyleDefault-ltr\" data-offset-key=\"2ksm7-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"2ksm7-0-0\">H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>L\u1edbp so v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac H\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>7. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf.<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Profile_(UML)\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/a> cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML cho c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn th\u1ebb v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/uml-profile-diagram-tool.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p id=\"QLpbDsa\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8300 aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"542\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 874px) 100vw, 874px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_628ee2864a820.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_628ee2864a820.png 874w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_628ee2864a820-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_628ee2864a820-768x476.png 768w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_628ee2864a820-705x437.png 705w\" width=\"874\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"edit-template-v1\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=PackageDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/654ee0a5-3d1b-4b38-b425-200062e01b00.xml&amp;name=EJB%20Profile%20Diagram\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u00e0y<\/a><\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-profile-diagram\/\">h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 UML<\/a>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o theo 3 c\u00e1ch: b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t metamodel m\u1edbi, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng metamodel hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a UML b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn th\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 sinh m\u00e3, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, v.v.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng UML b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ed7i n\u1eb1m trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi UML gi\u00fap tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 use case, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 use case<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/tutorials\/use-case-diagram-tutorial\/\">M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 use case<\/a>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c use case ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n khai ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 use case \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, x\u00e1c minh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a use case \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u n\u0103m 1986 b\u1edfi Ivar Jacobson. N\u0103m 1992, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Object-Oriented Software Engineering c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 use case l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i khi vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c use case \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft th\u00f4 h\u01a1n khi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 use case th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, x\u00e1c minh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/use-case-diagram-example-website-extend-and-include-use-case.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"edit-template-v1\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=UseCaseDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/ebe9444d-1ffc-464d-a9b8-6b923da9b741.xml&amp;name=Use%20Case%20Diagram%20Example%3A%20Website%20%28Extend%20and%20Include%20Use%20Case%29\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 use case n\u00e0y<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 use case n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o &#8216;c\u00e1i g\u00ec&#8217; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i &#8216;c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o&#8217;.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t use case m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t use case \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai use case. Con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c ghi \u0111\u00e8 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a cha.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, t\u1eaft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t use case. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/proposal-process.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"edit-template-v1\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=ActivityDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/28196b69-3b3d-44b4-8443-8461760be22e.xml&amp;name=Swimlane%20Proposal%20Process\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh thoi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh thay th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh thay th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t n\u00fat chia t\u00e1ch (fork node) chia m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t n\u00fat n\u1ed1i (join node) n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c n\u00fat (pins) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. Ch\u00fang bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 UML th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n th\u1eddi gian. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khi b\u1ea1n di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng trang.<\/p>\n<p>Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tin nh\u1eafn g\u1ecdi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c, tin nh\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi, v\u00e0 tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec7 quy bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/break-communication-fragment.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"edit-template-v1\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=SequenceDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/e2d7509e-b732-433e-8cdf-07f5ec42a10f.xml&amp;name=Break%20Communication%20Fragment\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<li>Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i tin nh\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<li>M\u0169i t\u00ean tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn. M\u0169i t\u00ean tin nh\u1eafn \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef k\u00fd tin nh\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean trong. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb l\u00fac t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ecdi l\u1edbp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/heater-state-machine-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p id=\"rnSUmTg\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8301 aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"343\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 666px) 100vw, 666px\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_628ee294b1a8c.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_628ee294b1a8c.png 666w, https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/img_628ee294b1a8c-300x155.png 300w\" width=\"666\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a class=\"edit-template-v1\" href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/app\/diagrams\/#diagram:proj=0&amp;type=StateMachineDiagram&amp;gallery=\/repository\/52aab7db-2637-4e2d-aae2-6619e66ea2bd.xml&amp;name=Heater%20State%20Machine%20Diagram\">Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111en \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1edd c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung gian, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p c\u00f3 g\u00f3c bo tr\u00f2n, t\u00ean, bi\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h4>\n<p>M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c logic, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c chia m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h4>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Trong UML, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<li>Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>5. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111i qua gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n vai trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1eedi v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn. D\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00ec c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/communication-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(T\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/uml-tool\/#communication-diagram\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp<\/a>)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp UML th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/h5>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. Ch\u00fang tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin, nh\u01b0ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo kh\u00f4ng gian, c\u00f2n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn, v\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>6. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng khung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c UML cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn tin nh\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/interaction-overview-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(T\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/uml-tool\/#interaction-overview-diagram\">c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng khung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c UML cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn tin nh\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t <dfn class=\"term\">s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/dfn> (ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tham chi\u1ebfu) cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed7i t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3>7. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/timing-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(T\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/uml-tool\/#timing-diagram\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian<\/a>)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ecdc theo tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tin nh\u1eafn, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi, tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c vai tr\u00f2.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong khung s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean UML<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/solutions\/free-use-case-diagram-tool\/\">C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u2013 Visual Paradigm Online<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/diagrams\/features\/use-case-diagram-software\/\">C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11619,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","loop-entry","clr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>UML \u2013 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n - Visual Paradigm Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/uml-a-comprehensive-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UML \u2013 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n - Visual Paradigm Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/uml-a-comprehensive-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Visual Paradigm Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-11T03:29:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/servlet\/editor-content\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/uml-practical-guide\/sites\/7\/2019\/10\/uml-banner.png\" \/><meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/servlet\/editor-content\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/uml-practical-guide\/sites\/7\/2019\/10\/uml-banner.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"655\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"375\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/servlet\/editor-content\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/uml-practical-guide\/sites\/7\/2019\/10\/uml-banner.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"24 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/uml-a-comprehensive-guide\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/uml-a-comprehensive-guide\/\",\"name\":\"UML \u2013 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n - 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