{"id":11688,"date":"2026-05-21T14:12:04","date_gmt":"2026-05-21T06:12:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/foundations-of-modeling-uml\/"},"modified":"2026-05-30T16:21:38","modified_gmt":"2026-05-30T08:21:38","slug":"foundations-of-modeling-uml","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/foundations-of-modeling-uml\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 UML"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong>. B\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  1. \n

    Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo c\u00e1ch mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    B\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n
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    • \n

      M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      M\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn gi\u1eef li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7<\/strong>; c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

      Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML)\u00a0Unified Modeling Language (UML)<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi\u00a0Nh\u00f3m Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OMG)<\/strong>. N\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

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      \u201cTr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

      UML cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng).<\/p>\n

      \"Foundations<\/p>\n

      B\u1ed1n tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a UML<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf sai s\u00f3t trong giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/strong><\/td>\nTr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 sang c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (Java, C++, VB), c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng RDBMS ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef OODBMS. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3\u00a0k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/strong>\u00a0(m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u2192 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n) v\u00e0\u00a0k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/strong>\u00a0(m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u2192 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/td>\nGhi l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      \n

      2. H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML<\/h2>\n

      UML 2.2 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a\u00a014 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

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      1. \n

        M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong>\u00a0(ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u0129nh)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/strong>\u00a0(quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/p>\n

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          G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>\u00a0Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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          G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn logic:<\/strong>\u00a0Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Xem x\u00e9t quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>\u00a0Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Xem x\u00e9t tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>\u00a0L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean (c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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          Xem x\u00e9t tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>\u00a0Nh\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, giao ti\u1ebfp)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \n

          3. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n

          \ud83d\udd39 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n
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          • \n

            M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/strong>\u00a0M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3:<\/strong>\u00a0Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (lu\u1ed3ng b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng), Chu\u1ed7i (h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\udd39 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n
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            • \n

              M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/strong>\u00a0Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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              • \n

                H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/code>: M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                Lu\u1ed3ng<\/code>: Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/code>: Chia t\u00e1ch lu\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7[\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n]<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                Chia nh\u00e1nh<\/code>: B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng song song.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                Gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i<\/code>: K\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng song song (\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>\u00a0Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \ud83d\udd39 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/h3>\n
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                • \n

                  M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/strong>\u00a0Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                  • \n

                    \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng<\/code>: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/L\u1edbp<\/code>: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p<\/code>: D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c thi<\/code>: H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1ecfng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    C\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/code>:\u00a0opt<\/code>\u00a0(th\u1ef1c thi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn),\u00a0loop<\/code>\u00a0(th\u1ef1c thi l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i),\u00a0ref<\/code>\u00a0(tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \ud83d\udd39 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp<\/h3>\n
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                      M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/strong>\u00a0L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh\u00a0c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong>\u00a0gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                    • \n

                      C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \ud83d\udd39 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n
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                        M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/strong>\u00a0Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                      • \n

                        C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n sau c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \ud83d\udd39 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h3>\n
                          \n
                        • \n

                          M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sang ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                        • \n

                          C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • \n

                            N\u00fat<\/code>: \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n

                            Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/code>: \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp tin v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                          • \n

                            Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/code>: Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            \n

                            4. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h2>\n

                            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp m\u00f4 t\u1ea3\u00a0c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh<\/strong>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: INSPIRE) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0kh\u00f4ng<\/strong>\u00a0th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

                            Gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                            Khoang<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                            T\u00ean<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ecbnh danh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:\u00a0CadastralParcel<\/code>). Th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0\u00a0\u00abFeatureType\u00bb<\/code>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u00ean v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0\u00a0- \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 : k\u00fd t\u1ef1<\/code>,\u00a0- Tu\u1ed5iC\u00e2y : s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean<\/code>). C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3: S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean, S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean d\u00e0i, S\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c, K\u00fd t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0y, Boolean, Chu\u1ed7i, H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, v.v.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Thao t\u00e1c<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u00e0nh vi\/ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp. \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng:\u00a0+ t\u00eanThaoTac(ki\u1ec3u\u0110\u1ea7uV\u00e0o) : ki\u1ec3uTr\u1ea3V\u1ec1<\/code>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                            Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                            M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/th>\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                            Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500<\/code><\/td>\nLi\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. Bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean vai tr\u00f2, m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 (1..*<\/code>,\u00a00..*<\/code>,\u00a01..2<\/code>, v.v.).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u25b7<\/code><\/td>\nK\u1ebf th\u1eeba. L\u1edbp con (ngu\u1ed3n) k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp cha (\u0111\u00edch).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/td>\n\u25c7\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500<\/code><\/td>\nM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cthu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u201d. Ph\u1ea7n\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/strong>c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. (H\u00ecnh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed7ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/td>\n\u25c6\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500<\/code><\/td>\nM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cthu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u201d m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n\u00a0ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/strong>v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. (H\u00ecnh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7y)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                            V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • \n

                              Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/code>\u00a0\u2192\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb7t g\u1ed7<\/code>\u00a0(\u0110\u1eb7c h\u00f3a: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb7t g\u1ed7 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba\u00a0T\u00ean<\/code>,\u00a0Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh<\/code>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              R\u1eebng<\/code>\u00a0\u25c7\u2500\u00a0C\u00e2y<\/code>\u00a0(T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p: C\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t r\u1eebng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                            • \n

                              Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb7t g\u1ed7<\/code>\u00a0\u25c6\u2500\u00a0Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/code>\u00a0(Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb7t g\u1ed7 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \n

                              5. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0110\u1ecba ch\u00ednh INSPIRE<\/h2>\n

                              T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u INSPIRE v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ecba ch\u00ednh<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng UML trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                              B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h3>\n

                              Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u1ea1o l\u1edbp\u00a0CadastralParcel<\/code>\u00a0l\u1edbp.
                              \nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              \u00abfeatureType\u00bb CadastralParcel\r\n- \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 : char\r\n- APN (S\u1ed1 th\u1eeda) : char\r\n- Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi : GM_Surface\r\n- T\u00e2m th\u1eeda : GM_Point\r\n- Nh\u00e3n : char\r\n- Tham chi\u1ebfu qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 th\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t : String\r\n- Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb di\u1ec7n t\u00edch : double (t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn)\r\n- \u0110i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu : GM_Point (t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                              Ghi ch\u00fa: Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/em><\/p>\n
                              B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n
                              Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5:<\/strong>\u00a0K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i\u00a0CadastralParcel<\/code>,\u00a0CadastralBoundary<\/code>, v\u00e0\u00a0AdministrativeZone<\/code>.
                              \nC\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n
                                \n
                              • \n
                                CadastralParcel<\/code>\u00a0\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u00a0CadastralBoundary<\/code>:\u00a0Li\u00ean k\u1ebft\/T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/strong>\u00a0(bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t; th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a01..1<\/code>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a01..*<\/code>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed9i). Vai tr\u00f2:\u00a0+isBorder<\/code>\u00a0\/\u00a0+hasBorder<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                              • \n
                                L\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t<\/code>\u00a0\u25c7\u2500\u2500\u00a0V\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh<\/code>:\u00a0T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p\/Quan h\u1ec7<\/strong>. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00e0o l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t. L\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p (1..*<\/code>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a00..*<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                              • \n
                                B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc:<\/strong>\u00a0Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                \n
                                6. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a UML hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n
                                  \n
                                1. \n
                                  S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong>\u00a0S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                2. \n
                                  T\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong>\u00a0M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai, m\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                3. \n
                                  Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                4. \n
                                  Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong>\u00a0Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (cardinalities) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                                5. \n
                                  T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5:<\/strong>\u00a0S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 UML (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Sparx Systems) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfn\/l\u00f9i, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 sinh m\u00e3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                  \n
                                  K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n
                                  UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (Quan h\u1ec7, T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a, T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p, K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p), c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, gi\u00fap l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
                                  \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                                  1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. B\u1ed1n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ed1t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","loop-entry","clr"],"yoast_head":"\nN\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 UML - Visual Paradigm Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/vn\/foundations-of-modeling-uml\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 UML - Visual Paradigm Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1. 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