\n
![\"B\u1ea3ng](\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a195e127973c.png\")
<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n 1: C\u00e1c Kh\u1ed1i X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (C\u00fa ph\u00e1p & B\u1ea3ng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i)<\/h2>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 UML.<\/p>\n
1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac L\u1edbp & \u0110\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean:<\/strong> T\u00ean L\u1edbp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:
FlightBooking<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa:<\/strong> Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh\/T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:
+ nameProperty: String<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
Ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/strong> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c\/Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:
+ isActive(): boolean<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nC\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb:<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
+<\/code>\u00a0C\u00f4ng khai:<\/strong> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1edbp n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
-<\/code>\u00a0Ri\u00eang t\u01b0:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp b\u00ean trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
#<\/code>\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
~<\/code>\u00a0G\u00f3i:<\/strong>\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n
- \n
- \n
Giao di\u1ec7n (
<<interface>><\/code>):<\/strong>\u00a0H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c thi. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ed9p m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y (trong b\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u00e0y) ho\u1eb7c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n- \n
- \n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/em>\u00a0
UserRepo<\/code>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0+ method(): void<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
L\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (
<<abstract>><\/code>):<\/strong>\u00a0L\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n- \n
- \n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/em>\u00a0
Component<\/code>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0+ render(): void \/\/ abstract<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
Ki\u1ec3u li\u1ec7t k\u00ea:<\/strong>\u00a0M\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ean.<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/em>\u00a0
JobStatus<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a195f79a1fa7.png\")
<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n
@startuml
\nskinparam classAttributeIconSize 0
\nskinparam shadowing false<\/p>\n\u2018 \u2014 C\u00c1C GIA DI\u1ec6N \u2014
\ninterface PaymentGateway {
\n+ process(amount: double): boolean
\n}<\/p>\n\u2018 \u2014 C\u00c1C L\u1edaP TR\u1eeaU T\u01af\u1ee2NG \u2014
\nabstract class Order {
\n# orderId: String
\n# totalAmount: double
\n+ {abstract} calculateTax(): double
\n+ getSummary(): String
\n}<\/p>\n\u2018 \u2014 C\u00c1C L\u1edaP \u2014
\nclass PhysicalOrder {
\n\u2013 shippingWeight: double
\n+ calculateTax(): double
\n}<\/p>\nclass DigitalOrder {
\n\u2013 downloadLink: String
\n+ calculateTax(): double
\n}<\/p>\nclass OrderItem {
\n\u2013 productName: String
\n\u2013 price: double
\n\u2013 quantity: int
\n}<\/p>\nclass PayPalGateway {
\n+ process(amount: double): boolean
\n}<\/p>\n\u2018 \u2014 M\u1ed0I QUAN H\u1ec6 \u2014’
\nOrder <|\u2013 PhysicalOrder
\nOrder <|\u2013 DigitalOrder<\/p>\nOrder *\u2013 \u201c1..*\u201d OrderItem : ch\u1ee9a
\nOrder ..> PaymentGateway : s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\nPaymentGateway <|.. PayPalGateway<\/p>\n
@enduml<\/p>\n
\nPh\u1ea7n 2: M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 & S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
1. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n
- \n
- \n
K\u1ebf th\u1eeba (T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a):<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u201d.<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/em>\u00a0
Xe h\u01a1i<\/code>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Xe m\u00e1y<\/code>\u00a0k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
Tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00e9t v\u1edbi tam gi\u00e1c r\u1ed7ng. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng giao di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/em>\u00a0
Xe h\u01a1i<\/code>\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u00a0C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (S\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ea1nh):<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ea7y<\/strong>. \u201cB\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cto\u00e0n th\u1ec3.\u201d<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/em>\u00a0
Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng<\/code> (To\u00e0n th\u1ec3) s\u1edf h\u1eefuTh\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n<\/code> (B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn). N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
T\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh thoi r\u1ed7ng<\/strong>. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cc\u00f3-a\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/em>\u00a0
\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> t\u00edch h\u1ee3pNh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng<\/code> (Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3a).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2. Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111a b\u1ed9i<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ra t\u00ednh \u0111a b\u1ed9i:<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
1<\/code>: Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
0..1<\/code>: Kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t (T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
1..*<\/code>: M\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u (Danh s\u00e1ch b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
*<\/code>: Nhi\u1ec1u (Kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nC\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p – V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a19600180d6b.png\")
<\/p>\n\n@startuml<\/div>\n\u2018 C\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/div>\ninterface Drivable {<\/div>\n+ drive()<\/div>\n}<\/div>\nl\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vehicle {<\/div>\n+ startEngine()<\/div>\n}<\/div>\n\u2018 C\u00e1c l\u1edbp<\/div>\nclass Car {<\/div>\n}<\/div>\nclass Motorcycle {<\/div>\n}<\/div>\nclass Restaurant {<\/div>\n\u2013 name: String<\/div>\n}<\/div>\nclass Menu {<\/div>\n}<\/div>\nclass Order {<\/div>\n}<\/div>\n\u2018 C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/div>\n\u2018 1. K\u1ebf th\u1eeba (T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a)<\/div>\nVehicle <|\u2013 Car<\/div>\nVehicle <|\u2013 Motorcycle<\/div>\n\u2018 2. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/div>\nDrivable <|.. Car<\/div>\n\u2018 3. T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p (S\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ea1nh)<\/div>\nRestaurant *\u2013 Menu : s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/div>\n\u2018 4. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p<\/div>\nOrder o\u2013 Restaurant : li\u00ean quan<\/div>\n\u2018 V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/div>\n\u2018 Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n (1..*)<\/div>\n\u2018 \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng (0..1)<\/div>\nRestaurant \u201c1\u201d *\u2013 \u201c1..*\u201d Menu<\/div>\n\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng “1” o\u2013 “0..1” Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng<\/div>\n@enduml<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\nPh\u1ea7n 3: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng giao \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n
Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trung t\u00e2m t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng giao \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n.<\/p>\n
1. Ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (K\u1ebf th\u1eeba & T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p)<\/h3>\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp chung Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/strong> l\u1edbp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng” chung n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
K\u1ebf th\u1eeba:<\/strong>\u00a0
Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/code> v\u00e0T\u00e0i x\u1ebf<\/code> k\u1ebf th\u1eebaNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p:<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/code> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao h\u00e0ng<\/code> (S\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ea1nh).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
T\u00e0i x\u1ebf<\/code> c\u00f3Th\u00f4ng tin ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/code> (S\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ea1nh).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2. H\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng & Th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n<\/h3>\n
Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p s\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
Tri\u1ec3n khai giao di\u1ec7n:<\/strong>\u00a0
Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng<\/code> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<<giao di\u1ec7n>> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb<\/code>, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
Chu\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng<\/code> (1) s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebdTh\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n<\/code>\u00a0(1).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
Th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n<\/code> ch\u1ee9aDanh m\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n<\/code>\u00a0(1..*).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
Danh m\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n<\/code> ch\u1ee9aM\u00f3n \u0103n trong th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n<\/code>\u00a0(*).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/em> C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n trong th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh m\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
3. X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 thanh to\u00e1n<\/h3>\n
- \n
- \n
C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbiNh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng<\/code> (T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebdD\u00f2ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code>\u00a0(1..*).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9tThanh to\u00e1n<\/code> (0..1), cho bi\u1ebft thanh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n- \n
Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Thanh to\u00e1n (\u0110a h\u00ecnh):<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- \n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n
<<interface>> PaymentProcessor<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
C\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3
StripeProcessor<\/code> v\u00e0PayPalProcessor<\/code> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/code> logic.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n4. L\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi Giao di\u1ec7n (V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n)<\/h3>\n
Ph\u1ea7n g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n
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L\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/code>):<\/strong>\u00a0\u00d4 t\u00f4<\/code> v\u00e0Xe m\u00e1y<\/code> th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u1eebPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/code>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\/c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/code>,\u00a0b\u00e1nh xe<\/code>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
Giao di\u1ec7n (
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i<\/code>):<\/strong>\u00a0Xe h\u01a1i<\/code> th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7nGiao di\u1ec7n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/code>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ngXe h\u01a1i<\/code> c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (drive()<\/code>) m\u00e0Xe m\u00e1y<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\nPh\u1ea7n 4: Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng PlantUML<\/h2>\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00e3 PlantUML \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ‘N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Giao \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t’ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p m\u00e3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda PlantUML n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 xem bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/blog.visual-paradigm.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/img_6a195d5d056af.png\")
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